[10] Afterwards the dynasty got split into three branches and fixed their capitals at Muziris, Tyndis, and Caroura, respectively, as seen in the ancient Greco-Roman travelogues as well as the Old Tamil literary works of the Sangam period. [23] As a victory of the Colonisation project done by post-independence Travancore, these two Taluks and a larger portion of Cardamom Hills retained in the state of Kerala, after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. At present, there is no railway in and to Idukki district of Kerala. Most premium express train of India, Vande Bharat Express, makes a stop here. [10], The province Keezhmalanadu of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram attained political autonomy in 1102 CE following the Chera-Chola wars. Some little-known animals such as Nilgiri langur, stripe-necked mongoose, Indian porcupine, Nilgiri marten, small clawed otter, ruddy mongoose, and dusky palm squirrel are also found. Departs Thu from Ernakulam Junction (South) @ 07:15. There are only two municipalities in the district and the urban population is comparatively much lower than the rural population, due to its mountainous nature. Thiruvananthapuram (/ t r u v n n t p r m /; Malayalam: [tiunndpum] ()), also known by its former name Trivandrum (/ t r v n d r m /), is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala.It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. Munnar has some of the largest tea plantations in the world. The land and the plantations in the Kannan Devan Hills in the High range region were resumed by the Government of Kerala through the Kannan Devan Hills (Resumption Of Lands) Act, 1971. [10] This era marked considerable progress and social reformation in all spheres. [20], At the time of the integration of the state of Travancore and Cochin into the state of Travancore-Cochin in 1949 following the integration of the British Princely states of Travancore and Cochin into the Dominion of India, the erstwhile revenue divisions were reorganised into districts and the Divan Peshkars gave way to district collectors, paving the way for the birth of the Kottayam district on 1 July 1949, which had also included the modern-day district of Idukki in it.[21]. 36/2006 F&WLD (6 October 2006) Retrieved 5 December 2007, A significant area in the district is protected, Rani Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi, interstate dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, "The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969", United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, "How the original inhabitants of Idukki were systematically displaced and deceived", Kannan Devan Hills (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, "The 'no land's men' in Munnar's tea estates", "Munnar May Soon Get Train Service, Nearly A Century After The 'Great Flood Of 99' Destroyed It", "Why did Kerala surrender Kanyakumari without a fight? You can edit it before submission The 12805 / 12806 Janmabhoomi Express is an InterCity service of Indian Railways that travels from Lingampalli to Visakhapatnam.It was first introduced between Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada Jn. [3] Around four-fifth of the people in Idukki district speak Malayalam as their mother tongue. ", "12% Indian land prone to landslides as climate change increases the risks", "In Idukki, living in fear of landslides", Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Kerala", "Religion Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts", "Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. The district was constituted on 26 January 1972, by taking Peerumade, Udumbanchola, Devikulam taluks of the former High Range division from Kottayam district and the Thodupuzha taluk from Ernakulam district. [20], The High Range division in the northeastern part of Travancore included the Taluks of Devikulam and Peerumade. [27], The Idukki district forms a high altitude plateau with rugged mountainous terrain, several river valleys and deep gorges. [53], Idukki district is divided into 68 revenue villages for the ease and decentralisation of its revenue administration. The Kochi Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Kochi in Kerala, India.It was opened to the public within four years of starting construction, making it one of the fastest completed metro projects in India. Palakkad (Malayalam: [plk] ()), formerly known as Palghat, historically known as Palakkattussery is a city and municipality in the Indian state of Kerala.It is the administrative headquarters of the Palakkad District.Palakkad is most densely populated municipality and fourth densely populated city in Kerala.It was established before Indian independence under British [23] The Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) had requested to merge it with the Madras State as a part of the upcoming States Reorganization Act of 1956. [10] The Portuguese explorers described the region as "The Pepper country" due to the availability and high scale production of good quality Black pepper there during the 16th century CE. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 8 in) metre gauge railway in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India, built by the British in 1908. Journey Time: 45h 15m. [10] Manavikrama crossed the Western Ghats and sought political asylum in Kerala. The first proposals for railways in India were made in Madras in 1832. In 1998, Kuttampuzha village was transferred into the Ernakulam district, making Idukki the second largest district in Kerala, only after to Palakkad. [10] The social development indicators like the literacy rate were improved considerably during this period. These trains were started to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, to be held in 2013.One of the Vivek Express trains, the one from Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari, is the longest Palani (Tamil: or Palni as in British records, is a town and a taluk headquarters in Dindigul district of the western part of Tamil Nadu state in India.It is located about 106 kilometres (66 mi) south-east of Coimbatore and 122 kilometres (76 mi) north-west of Madurai, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Kodaikanal.The Palani Murugan Temple or Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple (Thiru The nearest railway stations are Kottayam (station code KTYM), Aluva (Alwaye, station code AWY), Ernakulam South (Ernakulam Jn., station code ERS) and Ernakulam North (Ernakulam Town, station code ERN). 41 Halts. The Periyar river basin in the district which includes Vandiperiyar, Ayyapankoil, Rajakkad, Idukki, Cheruthoni and Adimaly is an elevated plateau crisscrossed by river valleys and lies between the high peaks of the western and eastern parts of the district. [10] Megalithic remnants of Kallaras and Nadukkallus are also found at Kallarpattam colony in Udumbanchola taluk. The famous Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana) grows here. Idukki district contains two municipal towns - Kattappana and Thodupuzha. [20] Thodupuzha region was however included in the northernmost division of the British Princely state of Travancore. [10] Pamba, the third-longest river in Kerala, also has its origin in the district of Idukki. The largest dam in Kerala is Idukki Dam, which also one of the largest arch-dams in Asia. It is one of the busiest train stations in the world. 36/2006 F&WLD", "Proposal for Kurinjimala sanctuary awaits Cabinet nod", http://www.forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/wildlife/2015-03-16-09-50-24/2015-06-26-09-04-29/idukki-wildlife-sanctuary, "Information and Public Relations Department, Govt. [10] The transportation facility through the dense forests of Idukki was also improved during the period. [10] The 17th century Dutch work, Hortus Malabaricus, contains information about the flora and fauna of the region at that time. [17][14] Munroe formed the North Travancore Land Planting & Agricultural Society in 1879. It is a Class 'A' railway station. [10], Idukki was part of three Nadus (provinces) during the period of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram (800 - 1102 CE) for nearly three centuries. Anamudi peak is on the southern part of this park. The first passenger train was flagged off from Bori Bunder (present-day Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai) from where it travelled to Thane, covering a distance of 34 km in an hour and fifteen minutes.. 132 species of birds have been recorded which include endemics like black-and-orange flycatcher, Nilgiri pipit, Nilgiri wood pigeon, white bellied shortwing, Nilgiri flycatcher and Kerala laughingthrush. It has a flowering cycle of 12 years. Periyar, Thodupuzhayar, Muthirappuzhayar, and Thalayar are the important rivers of the district. [12], The Thekkumkur Rajas allied with the Kingdom of Cochin and the Kingdom of Odanad (Kayamkulam) against the military invasions of the kingdom of Travancore into its northern kingdoms that occurred during the 1740's. [22] The High Range division of the erstwhile Travancore was merged with the remaining Taluks of the erstwhile Kottayam division to form the Kottayam district as a part of the inauguration of the new Indian state of Travancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. The railway relies on its fleet of steam locomotives. Construction of the first train took 18 months. [10], The High Range region was later handed over to the Poonjar dynasty by the Thekkumkur Rajas. The presence of a large number of tribal populations is peculiar to Idukki District. Thommankuthu () is a scenic waterfall near Thodupuzha in the district. [38] It was also the first to get BSNL 4G in whole country, taking the number of 4G operators in the district to four, including Vodafone Idea Ltd, Jio, and Bharti Airtel. Idukki has a sex ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males,[35] and a literacy rate of 92.2 percent. [23] However, in the 1951 Linguistic Census of the state of Travancore-Cochin, it was found that nearly half of the total Tamil-speaking population in Devikulam taluk at that time was born outside the state of Travancore-Cochin and most of them were immigrants from the Madras Presidency, who were brought into the region by the British officials mainly as tea plantation workers to the Cardamom Hills. from Kochi - Ernakulam - 150 km; Railway. [23] His colonisation project was to relocate 8,000 Malayalam-speaking families into the Taluks of Devikulam and Peermade. [citation needed] Most of the native flora and fauna of Munnar have disappeared due to severe habitat fragmentation resultant from the creation of the plantations. [12] The Chera dynasty is mentioned as The Keralaputras in the inscriptions of the emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire (322 BCE 184 BCE). These protected areas are especially known for several threatened and endemic species including the Nilgiri tahr, the grizzled giant squirrel, the Nilgiri wood-pigeon, the elephant, the gaur, the Nilgiri langur, the sambar, and the neelakurinji (that blossoms only once in twelve years). The other ungulates are gaur, Indian muntjac and sambar deer. It is expected to carry passengers between the two cities in just three hours and the ticket prices [1] Numerous cash crops and spices are cultivated throughout the district, making it The Spice Garden of Kerala. The erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin was reorganized into Thrissur district and Taluks of North Paravur and Kunnathunad were transferred to that district. [10] Periyar, the longest river in Kerala, has its source of origin and major portion of its route of flow, in the Idukki district. The town is situated at the convergence of three mountain streams, namely Muthirappuzha, Nallathanni, and Kundala. Howrah railway station, also known as Howrah Junction, is a railway station located in the city of Howrah, West Bengal, India. [53] They are further incorporated into 5 taluks as eludicated below. On uploading your resume, the system will auto-fill few of the fields in the application form. Train name Avg speed 1 12213/12214 YeshvantapurDelhi Sarai Rohilla AC Duronto Express: 75.64 km/h (47 mph) 2 12219/12220 Lokmanya Tilak TerminusSecunderabad AC Duronto Express: 64.38 km/h (40 mph) 3 12221/12222 PuneHowrah Duronto Express: 72.42 km/h (45 mph) 4 12223/12224 Lokmanya Tilak TerminusErnakulam Duronto Express [10], Keezhmalanadu merged with the Vadakkumkur dynasty around 1600 CE. [10], Entire portion of the modern-day district of Idukki became part of the erstwhile British Princely state of Travancore by 1750 CE. [10] During the Travancore Era, Munnar has acted as the summer residence of the British residents in Travancore. Vivek Express is a chain of express trains on the Indian Railways network. It is on the Shoranur Mangalore line. It was called the Red Hill Railway and used a rotary steam locomotive manufactured by William Avery. [28] The entire northern part of the district forms a sub plateau higher than the rest of the district, this region includes the tallest peaks like Anamudi and includes the areas around Munnar, Pallivasal, Kanthalloor, Vattavada and Mankulam. It serves as a major stop for both Local and Inter-City/Express trains with separate platforms for them. [10] Keezhmalanadu merged with the Kingdom of Vadakkumkur around 1600 CE. [1] Now various hydroelectric power projects in the district of Idukki contributes around 66% of the total power needs of Kerala. This made it the Asia's [25] After a month, a new Taluk called Kuttanad was carved out from Changanassery and Ambalappuzha. The corridor will use Standard gauge line and will be built with Shinkansen technology. [35], Malayalam and English are the two official administrative languages in the district. [35] The district has a population density of 251 inhabitants per square kilometre (650/sqmi). [10] The province Vempolinadu (Bimbali Desam) of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram attained political autonomy in 1102 CE following the Chera-Chola wars of the 11th century CE. Painavu town is the administrative headquarters of the Idukki district. [10] The Thekkumkur king took refuge in the kingdom of the Zamorin of Calicut following his defeat in the battle. The train reverses direction at Vishakhapatnam and gets a Santragachi or Howrah-based WAP-7 electric locomotive for the rest way up to Howrah. This hill station, which is more than 5,000 feet above sea level, is a tourist attraction noted for its scenic landscapes. [10] Vadakkumkur's western boundary was extended upto the Vembanad lake and the eastern boundary was the Western Ghats, which bordered with the medieval Pandyan country and the later territory of the Madurai Nayak dynasty. It was later extended up to Tenali Jn and then the Nagarjuna Express (SecunderabadTenali JunctionSecunderabad) was cancelled and thus made the [30] Researchers attribute the increasing frequency in landslides in Idukki to climate change and deforestation. The southern region is entirely covered with the forests of the Periyar National Park. [48], Kurinjimala Sanctuary protects the approximately 32km2 core habitat of the endangered Neelakurinji plant in Kottakamboor and Vattavada villages in Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district of Kerala State in South India. Mumbai Central (formerly Bombay Central, station code: MMCT) is a major railway station on the Western line, situated in Mumbai, Maharashtra in an area known by the same name. Anamudi is situated in the Kuttampuzha Panchayat of Adimali Block in the Kannan Devan Hills village of Devikulam taluk. The first high-speed railway corridor of length 508 km is currently under construction between Mumbai and Ahmedabad at a top operational speed of 320 km/h (200 mph) along the western coast. [10] Vadakkumkur was a vassal state of the Kingdom of Cochin during that time. [7] Its division was previously headquartered at Kottayam city, but moved to Kuyilimala near Painavu and Cheruthoni in June 1976. Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary came into existence in 1976. [58], Sathram Airport is an airstrip which was inaugurated on 17 February 2021 but there are no commercial operations happening there. The eastern frontier of the district (Kumily, Kattapana, Nedumkandam, Rajakumari and Ramakkalmedu) constitutes the Cardamon hills. [45][46] The park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. Having said that, THIS train covers the longest distance of 4,150 kilometers connecting Assam to Tamil Nadu. The Taluks of Devikulam and Peerumedu have a considerable Tamil minority population, mostly made up of immigrant labourers in the tea gardens. [10] The remnants of numerous Kodumkallaras and Kallaras have been found from various places at Marayur in Devikulam taluk. Endemic butterflies confined to the shola-grass land ecosystem like the red disk bushbrown and Palni four-wing are among the 101 species in the park. [23], Following the formation of the new Indian state of Kerala according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, many jurisdictional changes were done in the state. Early history. Train no. train and falling into a river. It supports the largest population of Nilgiri tahr in the world. [36] The aboriginal tribes in the district speak their own dialects such as Malavedan, Malaryan, Muthuvan, and Paliyan, which are closely related to the Malayalam languages. The Vande Bharat Express, previously known as Train 18, is a semi-high-speed, electric multiple unit train operated by the Indian Railways on 4 routes as of October 2022.It was designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India initiative. retrieved 20 April 2007, Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. [42] Twenty-six species of mammals have been recorded in the park including the largest surviving population of Nilgiri tahr,[43] estimated at 750 individuals. Rake maintained by SR/Southern Railway Zone. It was the largest district of Kerala by area at that time. Kovilmala, near Kattappana in Idukki is home to one of the still ruling tribal kings in India, Kovilmala Raja Mannan. In 1998, Kuttampuzha village was transferred into the Ernakulam district, making Idukki the second largest district in Kerala, only after to Palakkad. History 18321852: Industrial railways. Shatabdi Express are day-trains and mostly return to their origin station the same day. Though it is the second-largest district in the region in terms of area, it has the lowest population density among the districts of Kerala. [11], Located on the highest point of elevation on the Peninsular India, the Cardamom Hills and its surrounding regions were inhabited by human beings during the Megalithic age itself. [10] This period saw the decline of Buddhism and Jainism, which were once prominent in the region, along with the growth of Hinduism, in the Thodupuzha region. Sudhi (3 November 2006) The Hindu, retrieved 21 June 2007, UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster, Niligiris. The dam is located at the point where the Periyar flows through the gorge formed between two high and massive rocks known as 'Kuravan' and 'Kurathi'. There was a rail line that existed in the district during colonial period called, Kundala Valley Railway. [1] The Mullaperiyar Dam still remains as the source of the interstate dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. [10] The territory of Poonjar was annexed by the Kingdom of Travancore following the annexation of the principalities of Thekkumkur and Vadakkumkur in 1749-1750. [10] As a result, Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, the architect of the modern Travancore, attacked and annexed the kingdom of Thekkumkur into Travancore in 1749 during the Battle of Changanassery, after his annexation of Kayamkulam in 1746. The trains were first introduced in 1988 and was named as 'Shatabdi' meaning 'century' to commemorate the birth centenary of India's first Prime Minister The railway was built by Sir Arthur Cotton and was mainly used for transporting granite [22] Similarly the Cherthala Taluk was transferred into the newly formed Kollam district on 1 July 1949. (2004) India | Kerala | Devikulam [10] The province Kuttanad in the ancient kingdom of Keralaputras included the modern-day districts of Idukki, Ernakulam, Kottayam, and parts of Alappuzha, which could be broadly defined as the region between the rivers Periyar and Pamba. [citation needed], Anamudi and Meesapulimala, the two highest peaks in India south of the Himalayas, are located in Idukki district. #kerala train accident.Kerala.Chennai: Fridays Amritsars train tragedy is similar to the one that happened in 1986 in Keralas Thalaserry, where an Express train ran through revellers, leaving several dead and. The High Range region, which lies to the east of Keezhmalanadu, was possibly included in two provinces namely Nantuzhanadu[12] and Vempolinadu (known as Bimbali Desam in Sanskrit). [10], It was during the reign of Uthiyan Cheralathan (105-130 CE) that the Chera dynasty began to expand towards the northern and the eastern regions of Kuttanad by conquering the provinces of Kudanadu and Kongu Nadu. The unit cost of the first train was [10], It is presumed that a major portion of the High Range region in Idukki district belonged to the Thekkumkur dynasty just after the collapse the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram. Thirteen other peaks in the district exceed a height of 2,000m (6,600ft). Heavy rain and gushing winds make the area inaccessible during the monsoon season. Its population growth rate over the decade 20012011 was 1.93% due to emigration and low fertility rates. The 12433 / 12434 Chennai Central - Hazrat Nizamuddin Rajdhani Express is an important train connecting Chennai & New Delhi.According to 1997-98 railway budget, pantry car service was introduced on 2633/2634 (number of that time) Hazrat Nizamuddin-Chennai Rajdhani Express in 1996-97 and maybe it was introduced then (1996-97) . The first train in India ran from Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in 18361837. Also close to Park Town MRTS station. You can edit it before submission Coach Position/Composition: . There are five Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Idukki district. [1][26] The High Range region was merged with the Thodupuzha taluk of Ernakulam district to form the district of Idukki. [10], Vadakkumkur was the northern branch of the erstwhile province of Vempolinadu which attained political autonomy in 1102 CE after the collapse of the Chera Perumals of Mahodayapuram. [23] Pattom came up with a colonisation project to re-engineer the demography of Cardamom Hills. Malayalam and English are the two official administrative languages in the district.[3]. [1], The literary works of the Sangam period help to take a look into the contemporary period. The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore.During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway The 2,695 metres (8,842ft) high peak of Anamudi, which is also the highest point of elevation in India outside the Himalayas, lies in the northern portion of the district of Idukki. [10] The Megalithic monuments found from Idukki show numerous similarities with the contemporary remnants those discovered from Deccan plateau and other parts of the South India. [25] The Taluks of Thodupuzha and Muvattupuzha were transferred into the newly formed Ernakulam district on 1 April 1958.[25]. [36], According to the 2011 census, Hindus make up 48.86% (541,854) of the population, with Christians at 43.42% (Syro-Malabar, Jacobite, Pentecostal and Malankara Orthodox) (481,507) and Muslims at 7.41% (82,206).[37]. The railway is operated by the Southern Railway and is the only rack railway in India.. [53], Culture in Idukki is mixed since it consists of migrated people from other parts of Kerala and native tribals. [18] Early plantations had few facilities and were mainly huts of straw. Idukki district was the first in India to get connected to a super-fast broad band system as a part of the Digital India campaign. The High Range region is still sparsely populated and various cash crops and spices are extensively cultivated there. [5][6] Idukki district lies amid the Cardamom Hills of Western Ghats in Kerala. Ernakulam Junction railway station (also known as Ernakulam South, code: ERS) is the biggest railway station in the city of Kochi in Kerala, India.Controlling 376 train routes at a time, it is the busiest railway junction station in South India. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, commonly known as Chennai Central (station code: MAS), is the main railway terminus in the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.It is the busiest railway station in South India and one of the most important hubs in the country. The average train between Hyderabad and Kerala takes 30h 50m and the fastest train takes 30h 47m. [10] Idukki district is still known as The Spice Garden of Kerala. [10] According to those works, early members of the Chera dynasty (first few centuries of the Common Era) had their original headquarters in a region called Kuzhumur at Kuttanad in the ancient Tamilakam and were sometimes known as the Kuttuvans. It is connected to Moore Market Complex railway station, Chennai Central metro Eravikulam is another wildlife sanctuary proclaimed as a National Park. [10] The mountain passes like Bodinayakkanur (connecting various mountain ranges) and Cumbum (which connects the eastern Tamil country with Thodupuzha) have facilitated trade and travel between the Tamil-Pandyan country which lied to east of the Western Ghats and various Kerala kingdoms west of it during the medieval period. [53], There are 2 municipal towns in the district. [10] The rulers of this dynasty were also known by the titles Bimbaleeshas and Manikandas in the contemporary Sanskrit works just like their Thekkumkur counterparts. Apart from that the word Rajdhani means Capital in many languages as spoken in India. [33], According to the 2018 Statistics Report, Idukki district has a population of 1,093,156. There is a Lok Sabha constituency in Idukki: Idukki.
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