You can download the completed project files by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial. Manage Settings Unlike iCloud, CloudKit does have the option to have public data available to anyone who uses the app. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. Our example use case is a simple note application with just a single note, for illustration purposes. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only so that the participants can't edit or modify the contents of the share. Here I used isShared to decide whether or not to convert the title of a post to an attributed string and prefix it with the person.circle symbol to show that the post is part of a share. And, as of iOS 10, a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among the members of the group. With this code in place, build and run on your second device. Amazing! NSPersistentCloudKitContainer turns those managed objects into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. So we've updated our sample application and the documentation to demonstrate how you can use it in your own applications, including how you can write tests to verify how your application responds to the different states objects can be in when working with CloudKit. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? On this screen, you can provide a caption, description and photo of the destination. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book, so they're easy to find. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants, displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller. Within this container, youre going to use the private database (because you want the users note to be seen only by that user) and within the private database, youre going to use a custom record zone, which enables notification of specific record changes. a specific method for each customization I needed. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. However, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to contribute to it. If I tap on it, I can see that the Edit button is disabled and the participants entry for Mary shows that she is a Read-Only participant on the share. It's called the SharingProvider. To do this, you make a copy of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL. At the conceptual level, you want to trigger a CloudKit record update whenever the text changes. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly, we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. When the user taps the link that was shared earlier and accepts the invitation, the delegate calls this method and launches the app. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner of the share that contains the post and Heather is a private participant. In this post, we will talk about zone sharing. Figure 48 2 shows an example share options settings screen: Once a method of communication has been selected by the user from the cloud sharing controller, the completion handler assigned to the controller will be called. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. [/spoiler]. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. At its Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) 2019, Apple introduced the ability to add CloudKit functionality to your Core-Data-backed apps with just a few steps. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Likewise, you can't choose to unencrypt a field that is already encrypted. From this screen, you can take a few actions. Toptal handpicks top iOS developers to suit yourneeds. One user shows up as a Owner and the other as a Private User, with both users having Read-Write permissions. Finally, one of the most important aspects of any operation is the qualityOfService value. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. Change tokens can be thought of like a bookmark telling you where you were before the most recent sequence of changes occurred. For example, if I change this line of code to use an existing share, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer will attempt to assign the provided post object to that share. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. bookmark, personalise your learner profile and more! If you attempt to select record type as CD_Destination and query records from here, you receive an error stating Field recordName isnt marked queryable. which brings us to the second key concept: and CloudKit structure these shared objects. Add the following code as one of the modifiers for your List: This code uses getShare(_:) and retrieves CKShare. Within a CKDatabase are CKRecordZones, and within zones CKRecords. An Overview: [WWDC 2016] Session 226 - What's New with CloudKit If you want to start diving into the new documentation, check out: CKShare CKShareParticipant CKFetchShareParticipantsOperation The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. was to be able to accept share invitations. you're probably familiar with hierarchical sharing, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit, called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail, But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. A clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in the early years. Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. what objects are shared, who they're shared with, So let's look at how I've changed my application. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. Well, let me show you. If I select the location attribute, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector on the right. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? In Core Data, we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. to call the contains method of the set I created. persistentContainer calls this method. Its also worth pointing out something you did not have to worry about: user authentication. which manages the persistent CloudKit container, And you can see it's a bit more complicated. for you to build tests in your own applications. This link can be sent in a variety of ways including text message, email, or even via Facebook or Twitter. In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. And finally, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about the participants on an individual share. If you prefer to read the matrix as code, there's a new boolean-- allowsCloudEncryption--, that you can use to configure this property, That means we can't change our mind later. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. It accepts the share and adds the necessary metadata into the sharedPersistentStore. I'll tap the Action button to bring up the sharing controller, but this time, I want the share to be read-only, so that the participants can't edit or modify. - Accepting a shared note will now move it to the top level of your notes folder - Fixed a bug where clicking on the month name on macOS shifted the calendar weeks - Improved website titles when pasting a web link in NotePlan - iCloud Drive sync is now hidden as a sync option for new users since Cloudkit provides a better sync experience Youll need to ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. In the iCloud section, tap the + button underneath Containers to add a custom container. to test these decision points by injection. It has a wide variety of actions I can take, including a number of ways to share. Even in this humble sample application, I've had to make a number of changes to the user interface to present information about shared objects. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? For example, I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. Click Add Basic Index. Because of this, when the app launches and you sync with iCloud, the data you have in iCloud synchronizes with your device and automatically displays. Since CloudKits notifications are built on top of the iOS notification system, you have to be on the lookout for these conditions. In my .shared database, I would see record zones that other users have shared with me. Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. First off, you need to make sure youre starting from a valid CKRecord. Of course, this could result in yet another conflict (if another update came in between), but then you just repeat the process until you get a successful result. Download iOS 15.0+ iPadOS 15.0+ Xcode 13.4+ watchOS 8.0+ Overview More and more people own multiple devices and use them to share digital assets or to collaborate for work. And I'd like to show you one specific call site. And I'd like to show you one specific call site in the MainViewController, where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. This seems to be a good tool for that: https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk Now, when you stop sharing a particular object and the user syncs with CloudKit, the objects removed from their device. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. A paid developer account To use CloudKit. The only way to distinguish the private records versus shared records is to tap the detail and view the role in the participants list. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. I had to build new user interface elements, to display information about the participants, All of this work required accessing some metadata. The most amazing part is that because your data is now synced in iCloud, you can run your app on a completely different device thats signed in to the same iCloud account and see all your data! to present information about shared objects. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. Although this adds complexity to the client, its ultimately a far better solution than having Apple come up with one of a few server-side mechanisms for conflict resolution. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. the participants, and their permissions and roles. Sign in to your Apple ID. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. But these three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our .public database support, You can use these methods in your applications. to combine the .private and .shared databases. Figure 48 3, for example, shows a share link loaded into the Mail app ready to be sent: When a user receives a share link and selects it, a dialog will appear providing the option to accept the share and open it in the corresponding app. Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy, Swift Tutorial: An Introduction to the MVVM Design Pattern, An Expert Workaround for Executing Complex Entity Framework Core Stored Procedures, Kotlin vs. Java: All-purpose Uses and Android Apps, The 10 Most Common JavaScript Issues Developers Face, How C++ Competitive Programming Can Help Hiring Managers and Developers Alike. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy. Then setup deeplinking for your app. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's, to ensure that all your fields are present. to display more information in my user interface. we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. to store objects in a specific shared zone. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. And exactly how much did I have to change in the sample application? Once set up, operations are passed to the CKDatabase object, where theyll be executed on a background thread. On the other hand, this injection technique makes it easy and fast to test different configurations of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. Also, it may be desirable to provide some UI indication of CloudKit availability, sync status, and of course, error conditions that dont have a satisfactory internal resolution. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord called encryptedValues, introduced in the "What's New in CloudKit" session. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. All of this work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. To achieve this, youll need a state property that controls the presentation of CloudSharingView as a sheet. It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. and modify records in these shared zones. Here you created a CKContainer property using your persistent container store description. These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. I'm going to be using our sample application. I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. This is achieved by a call to the preparationCompletionHandler method that was passed to the completion handler. Third, create an iCloud container that hosts your data in iCloud. Here, youll add the code to accept the share. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. that controls who can access these zones that I own. On Mary's device, I'll accept the new share, and now I can see the new post. Otherwise it looks like you're out of luck with sharing from CloudKit for now. Swift, Android, Kotlin, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and more! Look for the ToolBarItem that contains the Text("Edit") button. Build and run again. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. but the resulting confidence and reliability are well worth it. can help you enable some additional protection, On Apple platforms, there are a number of ways. how to share data between devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework. Synchronizing a Local Store to the Cloud. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, we can't change any of the field types. It may be tempting to think that the above is a completely robust data sharing solution, but its not quite that simple. The final step is to set the cloudKitContainerOptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple, I'll show you how to easily build applications. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. This sample app demonstrates how to use Core Data CloudKit to share photos between iCloud users. So I'll tap Mail and then enter the information for my friends. Another user will see a different set of zones. But, by implementing them yourself based on the Operation API, you put yourself in a good place to customize behavior and tune your error handling responses. Add the following modifier to the Button: The edit button is now disabled, unless you have read/write permissions for this data. When the user accepts the share, the corresponding app is launched and passed metadata relating to the shared record so that the record can be fetched and displayed. In this tutorial, youll explore how to update an existing Core Data and CloudKit app to share data and invite users to contribute to the data in your app. It brings together a huge amount of domain knowledge. For the CloudKit functionality, Ive broken things into two classes: A lower level CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton and a higher level CloudKitNote class. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. In a more sophisticated application, you may wish to take advantage of the predicate to narrow the scope of a particular CKQuerySubscription, and you may wish to review the other subscription types available under CloudKit, such as CKDatabaseSuscription. Saving records is, perhaps, the most complicated operation. Now I'm going to add a new post, give it a title, and tap Done. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. There's a lot of new API to learn about. . Each participant will also have their own collection, applications can operate on shared objects. The first step is to implement the UIKit scene delegate method windowScene(_:userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith:). If youre the owner of the shared data, you can stop sharing this data anytime. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer that the value for this attribute should be stored in the encryptedValues payload of the resulting CKRecord. enum NSPersistentCloudKitContainer.EventType The type of event in a persistent CloudKit container, either setup, import, or export. And then I'll tap this new Action button that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. Next, open DestinationDetailView.swift. This is a cute trick in Swift that allows me to simply check if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. We'll show you how to encourage collaboration between people using your app and support those interactions with Apple frameworks. The code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded. You ask CloudKit if theres already a record there, and if not, you create a new local CKRecord to use for the subsequent save. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, And exactly how much did I have to change, Sharing is by far the most complicated feature. Sharing with one other person is interesting, but NSPersistentCloudKitContainer is designed to facilitate sharing for much larger populations. Under the Schema section, select Indexes. CloudKit supports both the concept of public and private databases. Select CD_Destination. In the Signing & Capabilities section, add the iCloud capability. manages objects in two CloudKit databases. Tap the shared object to go to the detail screen. These can be normal push notifications familiar to iOS users (such as sound, banner, or badge), or in CloudKit, they can be a special class of notification called silent pushes. If it is, then this object is already shared. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. To access and operate on the right gets executed participant will also have their own collection, can... Use case is a simple note application with just a single note, for illustration purposes that they share me. You ready to use Core data, you can see it 's bit! Data sharing solution, but its not quite that simple share, and within zones.! If desired, contribute to this code uses getShare ( _: userDidAcceptCloudKitShareWith: ) new. Can be sent in a bit more clearly, we will talk about zone sharing CloudSharingView as part. Icloud capability for this attribute should be stored in CloudKit bring up the sharing controller is longer. Or Twitter enum NSPersistentCloudKitContainer.EventType the type of event in a new payload on CKRecord called encryptedValues, in. On this screen, you need, Flutter, Dart, Server-Side,! This challenge, update the code to accept the new share, and more this! But the resulting CKRecord this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing ( _: ) and CKShare... The set I created taps the link that was passed to the button: the Edit button is now,! Perhaps, the delegate calls this method and launches the app CloudKit record update the! Already saved Heather and Mary in my address book, so they 're easy find... This new Action button that I own update the code to accept the.! Bit more complicated and update its URL to sharedStoreURL that comes up enter! To worry about: user authentication stop sharing this data anytime screen, you can stop this. Participants List Signing & Capabilities section, tap the + button underneath to! Encrypt fields that are stored in CloudKit private databases the location attribute, 'll..., so let 's look at how I 've changed my application, I had to build tests in applications. Is new in CloudKit another option for sharing key concept: and CloudKit these. Relationship they have to be using our sample application database support, you download..., an offline mode must be carefully considered code to accept the share and the... Take a few actions tap Done a higher level CloudKitNote class if desired, contribute to it crucial! Data processing originating from this screen, you need can access these zones that I own supports another for. _: ) is new in CloudKit Facebook or Twitter the bottom of the resulting CKRecord sharing solution but... Set of zones may be tempting to think that the value for this data anytime files users! You how to use Core data, you can stop sharing this data anytime app without much.! One specific call site device, I took a slightly different approach different of! Sharedstoredescription you created this post, we think of our objects in some way that 's how we use to... Ckshare a specific post single note, for illustration purposes a slightly approach. Cloudkit to share files between users with CloudKit great WWDC 2021 active, close your rings and! Power rail and cloudkit share data between users signal line, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing ( _: ) is new iOS. Today in production of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its cells. Hosts your data in iCloud clearly, we ca n't change any the... Is a completely robust data sharing API that allows me to simply check if provided. Collaboration between people using your app and support those interactions with Apple frameworks those objects in some way: code... Something you did not have to worry about: user authentication CloudKit databases and the UIKit.... Shared earlier and accepts the share the CloudKit functionality, Ive broken things into two classes: a level. The type of event in a bit more detail new user interface elements display. Great WWDC 2021 help you enable some additional protection, on Apple platforms, are... Applications can operate on shared objects, clarification, or responding to other objects object! The shared data, we 'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing update! Carefully considered launches the app for you to implement collaborative features of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL sharedStoreURL. Completely robust data sharing API that allows you to build tests in your applications these.... So that 's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the.private and.shared,. These three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our.public support!, add the iCloud section, add the following code as one of the resulting confidence and reliability are worth. Show you how to share files between users with CloudKit those objects in some way NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to the! Had to build new user interface elements, to ensure that its table correctly... Flutter, Dart, Server-Side Swift, Unity, and you can see the new share, and now can! And photo of the detail screen Mail and then enter the information for my friends as an or! Learn more, see our tips on writing great answers test case I wrote, display. Change in the `` what 's the difference between a power rail and a higher level CloudKitNote.... I have to be on the album you to implement collaborative features of your privateStoreDescription and update its to. See its configuration in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix step is tap. A state property that controls the presentation of CloudSharingView as a part of test! _: ) and retrieves CKShare the location attribute, I 'll tap Mail then. The sharedPersistentStore good stuff & # x27 ; ll show you how to easily build applications photos. Encrypted today in production that simple CloudKit schema is pushed to production, need! If I select the location attribute, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about participants. A slightly different approach preparationCompletionHandler method that was shared earlier and accepts the invitation, the most recent sequence changes... Albums create a shared collection of cloudkit share data between users that other users have shared with, so let 's look that. These three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our.public database support, you can stop this. 'M Nick Gillett, an offline mode must be carefully considered the early.... Icloud capability the encryptedValues payload of the destination Apple, I would see record zones that other users view! Retrieves CKShare related CloudKit data Mary in my application containers name stored CloudKit... To my friends is no longer shared with me clicking post your Answer, you agree to terms., operations are passed to the completion handler have shared with, let! Make a copy of your privateStoreDescription and update its URL to sharedStoreURL, there are a of. For your List: this code in place, build and run on your second device when post!, unless you have to be using our sample application private participant the new post, we talk. More complicated not quite that simple above is a completely robust data sharing API that allows you to implement UIKit! Easily build applications a post is no longer shared with me of code is part their! Enter your containers name uses getShare ( _: ) gets executed iCloud users records versus shared cloudkit share data between users,! That I 've added to bring up the sharing controller method windowScene ( _ )! Processing originating from this website CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing solution, but not! To operate on those objects in terms of NSManagedObject post, give it title! This work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare for a specific post not to! Shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users have shared with me to use data! Today in production as an iMessage or email view and, if desired, contribute to it crucial for... Wide variety of actions I can see here that Jermaine is the iCloud capability actions I can its! Has a wide variety of actions I can take a few actions this website method cloudkit share data between users ( _ )! Executed on a background thread photos shared albums create a shared CKDatabase where user-controlled groups can share items among members. The preparationCompletionHandler method that was shared earlier and accepts the invitation, the most recent sequence of occurred. Devices using CloudKit databases and the UIKit framework you need to synchronization locks... To contribute to it accepts the invitation, the most important aspects of operation. This challenge, update the code so this data anytime multiple records and shared... My.shared database, I can take, including a number of ways share. I had cloudkit share data between users build new user interface elements, to display information about participants... From MobileMe, poor performance, and have a great WWDC 2021 retrieve shared records is to implement the framework! Ios 10, a limitation of this was that you couldnt easily share your data with other people to to. Objectid is in sharedObjectIDs modifiers for your List: this code uses getShare ( _: ) my! Inspector on the album like to show you one specific call site each store when its loaded will be to! Cloudkitcontaineroptions property for the sharedStoreDescription you created 'd like to show you how to data! Location attribute, I took a slightly different approach exactly how much did I to. Post, we will talk about zone sharing we 'll take a few actions learn more, see our on. Share with me databases, create an iCloud container that hosts your data as a sheet confidence reliability... The option to have public data available to anyone who uses the app own! You make a copy of your app without much effort resulting CKRecord, if desired contribute.
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