[114] Later on, Christianity was introduced to Rudok, Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom, where Andrade and his fellows established a Jesuit outpost at Shigatse in 1626. The name Potala is derived from Mount Potalaka, the mythical abode of the Dalai Lama's divine prototype, the Bodhisattva Avalokitevara. There are a number of small bars that feature live music, although they typically have limited drink menus and cater mostly to foreign tourists. A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. In CE 639 and 641, Songtsen Gampo, who by this time had conquered the whole Tibetan region, is said to have contracted two alliance marriages, firstly to a Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal,[11] and then, two years later, to Princess Wencheng of the Imperial Tang court. By 1911, the British Empire had a Muslim population of 94 million, larger than the empire's 58 million Christian population. This culture of tolerance in Siam and later Thailand resulted in the great diversity of Islam in Thailand. Lhasa is also connected to the second largest city in Tibet, Xigaz, by rail service, since 2014. [88] Notable Turkish mosques outside London include Selimiye Mosque in Manchester, Hamidiye Mosque in Leicester, and Osmaniye Mosque in Stoke-on-Trent.[89]. Copper, lead and zinc are mined nearby and there is ongoing experimentation regarding new methods of mineral mining and geothermal heat extraction. [178] Roy has also argued that the burkini bans and secularist policies of France provoked religious violence in France, to which Kepel responded that Britain has no such policies and still suffered several jihadist attacks in 2017 while there were no major attacks in France. Claiming to have brought a lump of soil from Makkah with him, the building came to be known as the Barmaqam Powa-Makkah. 344345. [citation needed], According to a 1685 account of a Persian diplomat as well as notes of the French traveller Guy Tachard, there was a substantial Persian Shi'i community in Thailand at the time, with ritual ta'zieh performances subsidised by the king. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. Monks and nuns who refused to denounce the Dalai Lama have been expelled from their monasteries, imprisoned, and tortured. More controversial is the theory that the Tibeto-Burman family is itself part of a larger language family, called Sino-Tibetan, and that through it Tibetan and Burmese are distant cousins of Chinese.[18]. There also a number of Sylhet-origin Muslims inhabiting the Hojai district. There were four large incense burners (sangkangs) in the four cardinal directions, with incense burning constantly, to please the gods protecting the Jokhang. The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. During China's Cultural Revolution, nearly all Tibet's monasteries were ransacked and destroyed by the Red Guards. Demography Encyclopaedia Iranica", "The moment American Muslims were waiting for", "10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02", "The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring", "The Politics of American Muslim demographics", "THE GLOBAL RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE: Muslims", "The Future of the Global Muslim Population: Projections fro 2010 to 2030", Official website of the Pew Forum study on Global Muslim Population, Muslim Population-A Site with Extensive information regarding worldwide Muslim population, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_by_country&oldid=1120121708, Articles with dead external links from April 2019, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2019, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 November 2022, at 07:54. [127] Other Muslim ethnic groups who have long inhabited Tibet include Hui, Salar, Dongxiang and Bonan. [127], In 2018, 34 per cent of British Muslims had degree level qualifications, compared to 30 per cent of Christians and 35 per cent of those with no religion. [111], An August 2017 survey by the Bertelsmann Stiftung foundation found that among British Muslims, 75% were Sunni and 8% were Shia. 2326; Thomas Holdich, Tibet, The Mysterious (London: Sir Edward Maclagan, The Jesuits and The Great Mogul (London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne Ltd., 1932), pp. [28] However, the Tibetan occupation of Chang'an only lasted for fifteen days, after which they were defeated by Tang and its ally, the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate. British Muslims are represented in various media positions across different organisations. "[189][190] Another survey by Gallup in 2009 also found that the Muslim community claimed to feel more patriotic about Britain than the general British population as a whole,[191][192] while another survey found that Muslims assert that they support the role of Christianity in British life more so than British Christians themselves. China denies all allegations of human rights abuses in Xinjiang. Sophie Gilliat-Ray attributes the recent growth to "recent immigration, the higher than average birth rate, some conversion to Islam". The climate is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 46cm (18 inches), due to the rain shadow effect. [9] After conquering the kingdom of Zhangzhung in the west, he moved the capital from the Chingwa Takts Castle in Chongye County (pinyin: Qingji Xin), southwest of Yarlung, to Rasa (Lhasa) where in 637 he raised the first structures on the site of what is now the Potala Palace on Mount Marpori. Although the expedition initially set out with the stated purpose of resolving border disputes between Tibet and Sikkim, it quickly turned into a military invasion. [26][27] Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region (from Turkey to Indonesia), with over one billion adherents. Most Shi'as (between 68% and 80%) live in mainly four countries: Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, and Iraq. [231] The group has faced confrontations with various groups, including supporters of Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous, of which the latter has also harassed Muslims as well. 347348. Media reports and scholarly studies of terrorism in contemporary China frequently focus on members of the largely Muslim Uyghur ethnic group, who are concentrated in the Northwestern province of Xinjiang. Assamese is the official language of the state and the most widely spoken, and so it serves as a lingua franca for inter-ethnic communications. In the Middle-Chinese language spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, was pronounced thu.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}x-phjon, and was pronounced thux-pjon (with the x representing a shang tone).[14]. A Muslim Sufi Syed Ali Hamdani preached to the people of Baltistan, then known as little Tibet. Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans and some other ethnic groups. [100][103][104] Before the 1950s, between 10 and 20% of males in Tibet were monks.[105]. [195] A survey conducted in 2017 revealed widespread opposition to Muslim immigration across UK. As President Biden emphasized, We must start with diplomacy rooted in Americas most [1] [2] Figures as high as 5 percent of Thailand's population have also been mentioned. [27], The first group of Muslims to come to Great Britain in significant numbers, in the 18th century, were lascars (sailors) recruited from the Indian subcontinent, largely from the Bengal region, to work for the East India Company on British ships, some of whom settled down and took local wives. [30] In the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Iran and Turkey are the largest Muslim-majority countries, while Egypt and Nigeria in Africa have the same status. [86] There are numerous other Turkish mosques in London, mainly in Hackney, including the Aziziye Mosque[87] and Suleymaniye Mosque. National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. Several months later, Lord Phillips, then Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales supported the idea that sharia could be reasonably employed as a basis for "mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution", and explained that "It is not very radical to advocate embracing sharia law in the context of family disputes, for example, and our system already goes a long way towards accommodating the archbishop's suggestion. We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. [227][228][229][230] The EDL has been described by The Jewish Chronicle as Islamophobic. Tibet is west of the Central China plain. China has invested 310billion yuan (about 45.6billion U.S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. The Sikh homeland is the Punjab state, in India, where Sikhs make up approximately 58% of the population. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848.86 metres (29,032ft), the highest mountain on earth. [88] Five trains arrive at and depart from Lhasa railway station each day. Their population is about 1.25 lakhs in Assam, comprising 0.4% of state population as of 2011. There have been no more loyal adherents to the throne and no more effective and loyal supporters of the Empire in its hour of trial." the actual city). These include Qinghai Lake, Lake Manasarovar, Namtso, Pangong Tso, Yamdrok Lake, Siling Co, Lhamo La-tso, Lumajangdong Co, Lake Puma Yumco, Lake Paiku, Como Chamling, Lake Rakshastal, Dagze Co and Dong Co. The minister family Rinpungpa, based in Tsang (West Central Tibet), dominated politics after 1435. Read about our approach to external linking. [25], In South Asia, specifically, the British ruled over one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. China has been accused of committing crimes against humanity and possibly genocide against the Uyghur population and other mostly-Muslim ethnic groups in the north-western region of Xinjiang. [173] Mosques in the country are sometimes seen as ethnic clubs which are not welcoming of new converts but there have also been recent convert led mosques. Yuan control over the region ended with the Ming overthrow of the Yuan and Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's revolt against the Mongols. Muslims in Assam have recorded the most dramatic decline in fertility since NFHS-3, which was conducted 14 years earlier. [citation needed] Other large groups include another Sunni movement, the Fultoli (founded in Sylhet),[65] and the Tablighi Jamaat which is a missionary and revival movement,[66] and avoids political attention. In 2020 Uyghur protesters outside the Consulate General of China, Los Angeles were joined by activists representing Tibet, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. [78], Recently on 5 June 2022 Assam Government did cabinet decision,[79][80] indigenous Assamese Muslims only five different sections namely Goria,Moria,Desi,Jalah and Syed,[81][82][83][84], Census of India between (2001-2011) have shown that Bengali Muslim population grows 5-7% in Assam specially in the bordering districts over the past decade. China 'has created dystopian hellscape' in Xinjiang, Uyghur imams targeted in China's Xinjiang crackdown, Uighur camp detainees allege systematic rape, Biden and Trump to make final pitches on eve of midterms, Fisherman tried to break window to save pilots, Ukraine is reason to act fast on climate - PM, 'We'd never seen this much water' - flood survivors, In the name of atheism: The case of Mubarak Bala. This name first appears in Chinese characters as in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang, describing 608609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). Since 2017, when President Xi Jinping issued an order saying all religions in China should be Chinese in orientation, there have been further crackdowns. The museum is organized into three main sections: a main exhibition hall, a folk cultural garden and administrative offices. All of its teachings and beliefs are written out in the Quran (also spelled Qur'an or Koran), the holy scripture of Islam. Bloudeau, Anne-Mari & Gyatso, Yonten. [183][184] The report said that the number of Salafi and Wahhabi mosques in Britain had increased from 68 in 2007 to 110 in 2014. The design of the Tibetan Chrtens can vary, from roundish walls in Kham to squarish, four-sided walls in Ladakh. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father Antnio de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. [citation needed], Chularatchamontri () is the title of Shaykh al-Islm in Thailand. Cornelius Wessels, Early Jesuit Travellers in Central Asia, 16031721 (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1924), pp. ", "Will Assam be Muslim majority in the next 40 years? During this time, Tibet fought Chinese warlords for control of the ethnically Tibetan areas in Xikang and Qinghai (parts of Kham and Amdo) along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. [39][40] The first mosque in London was the Fazl Mosque, established in 1924, commonly called the London mosque. Seven years later, a Sikh army led by General Zorawar Singh invaded western Tibet from Ladakh, starting the Sino-Sikh War. Khalji had arrived with a force of 1012,000 horsemen at the Kamrup region,[10] but he was defeated at the Chumbi Valley and was forced to retreat back to Bengal[11][12] with his army annihilated, where he died in the same year. Turkish Germans and Turkish Dutch) had also immigrated to Britain in accordance with the freedom of movement under EU law. [13] This expedition resulted in Assam's first Muslim population. Islam (/ s l m /; Arabic: , al-Islm (), transl. Bloudeau, Anne-Mari & Gyatso, Yonten. [31] Throughout the early 19th century lascars visited Britain at a rate of 1,000 every year,[30] which increased to a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 every year throughout the late 19th century. In 641 he constructed the Jokhang (or Rasa Trlnang Tsulagkhang) and Ramoche Temples in Lhasa in order to house two Buddha statues, the Akshobhya Vajra (depicting the Buddha at the age of eight) and the Jowo Sakyamuni (depicting Buddha at the age of twelve), respectively brought to his court by the princesses. The religion has a long history in Ukraine dating back to Berke Khan of the Ulug Ulus (Golden Horde) in the 13th century and the establishment of the Crimean Khanate in the 15th century. They were wrong", "As per as Statistics, there are over 5 lakh Muslims among those excluded from the NRC, leaked data suggests", "Evicted from government land, over 5,000 Muslims in Assam termed 'illegal settlers' become homeless", "Assam: Muslim Peasants Cultivating Land for Decades Evicted in Darrang Dist, 2 Killed in Firing", "Population of Assam - StatisticsTimes.com", "Assam Muslims have recorded sharpest fall in fertility since 2005-06: Govt data | India News - Times of India", "Women offer namaz in Sivasagar's Ajan Peer Dargah for first time | Guwahati News - Times of India", "Can BJP survive the demographic disadvantage in Assam? It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may include a diaspora or refugees who live outside the nation state; some nations of this sense do not have a state where that ethnicity The Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor) is the largest lake in the People's Republic of China. Gonggar County of Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture lies to the south. Since many of them came from the Northeast part of Rangpur and very few of them came from Mymensingh, they were sometimes referred to as "Bongya" or Bongali meaning Outsider. It is located south of the city proper. Mughal courts divided not into Hindu or Muslim factions but Persian and Turkish ones. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; [235] In 2018, a report by a Sikh activist organisation, Sikh Youth UK, entitled "The Religiously Aggravated Sexual Exploitation of Young Sikh Women Across the UK" made allegations of similarities between the case of Sikh women and the Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal. This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 02:35. Other Religions in Asia . [50] Hugh Richardson, on the other hand, puts the population of Lhasa in 1952, at "some 25,00030,000about 45,00050,000 if the population of the great monasteries on its outskirts be included."[51]. Martin Lings, an English Muslim scholar, published a significant biography of the Prophet Muhammad in 1983 entitled Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. [83] By the 1980s, intellectuals, including students, and highly educated professionals arrived in the country, most of which received support from the Turkish Cypriot community. This is the only place where Sikhs are in the majority. [214] In January 2010, a report from the University of Exeter's European Muslim Research Centre noted that the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes has increased, ranging from "death threats and murder to persistent low-level assaults, such as spitting and name-calling," for which the media and politicians have been blamed with fueling anti-Muslim hatred. Lhasa (/ l s /; Lhasa dialect: /l.sa/; Standard Tibetan: , lit. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. [47] The city's residents included traders from Nepal and Ladak (about 800), and a few from Bhutan, Mongolia and other places. "Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs in the new religious landscape of England. [58][69] All these groups work to stimulate Islamic identity among local Bengalis or Muslims and particularly focus on the younger members of the communities. Immigration from Mirpur in Pakistan grew from the late 1950s, accompanied by immigration from other parts of Pakistan especially from Punjab, particularly from the surrounding Punjab villages of Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Sialkot, Jhelum, Gujar Khan and Gujarat, in addition to from the north-west Punjab including the chhachhi Pathans and Pashtuns from Attock District, and some from villages of Ghazi, Nowshera and Peshawar. There is also a fairly large Punjabi community from East Africa found in London. Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2011). The other existing groups include Zaydi Shi'a of Yemen whose population is around 0.5% of the world's Muslim population, Mustali Ismaili (with nearly 0.1%[35] whose Taiyabi adherents reside in Sindh and Gujarat in South Asia. [98] According to estimates by the Iraqi embassy, the Iraqi population in the UK is around 350,000450,000. 'The First Tibetan Empire' in: Marks, Thomas A. Train Z22 from Lhasa to Beijing West departs at 15:30 and arrives in Beijing at 08:20 on the third day, taking 40 hours, 50 minutes. After suppressing the rebels, Qing Qianlong Emperor reorganized the Tibetan government and set up the governing council called Kashag in Lhasa in 1751. [206][207][208] On 18 May 2013, just as the bill to legalise same-sex marriages was being prepared to pass into law, over 400 leading Muslims including head teachers and senior representatives of mosques across the country, published an open letter opposing the bill on the grounds that "Muslim parents will be robbed of their right to raise their children according to their beliefs, as homosexual relationships are taught as something normal to their primary-aged children". Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Agriculture and animal husbandry in Lhasa are considered to be of a high standard. Wang Jiawei, "The Historical Status of China's Tibet", 2000, p. 150. Rights groups have voiced concerns about forced labour in the region, In the name of atheism: The case of Mubarak Bala. [94], Overview of the role of the Islam in the Indian state of Assam, "Of these the most important was a series of Muslim invasions on this region beginning with the first decade of the 13th century and ending by the later part of the 17th century." The Chinese government denounced the agreement as illegal. The Tibet Autonomous Region spans over 1,200,000 km 2 (460,000 sq mi) and is the second-largest province-level division of China by area, after Xinjiang. Between 1985 and 2016, out of 468,934 referrals, 80,194 Bengali speaking Muslims were declared as foreigners. [22] More than 400,000 Muslim soldiers of the British Indian Army fought for Britain during World War I, where 62,060 were killed in action. In 2009 about 200 people died in clashes in Xinjiang, which the Chinese blamed on Uyghurs who wanted their own state. Find latest news from every corner of the globe at Reuters.com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. [178], Some preachers in London's mosques look for Muslim boys who lack clear direction, and set them on the path to radicalisation and terror. Qing authority over Tibet had become more symbolic than real by the late 19th century,[42][43][44][45] although in the 1860s, the Tibetans still chose for reasons of their own to emphasize the empire's symbolic authority and make it seem substantial. Lower Assam). By 750, the Tibetans had lost almost all of their central Asian possessions to the Chinese. [50] In 1913, Tibet and Mongolia concluded a treaty of mutual recognition. Chengguan District of Lhasa was established on 23 April 1961. Gujarati Muslims from the Surat and Bharuch districts started to arrive from the 1940s when India was under British colonial rule, settling in the towns of Dewsbury and Batley in Yorkshire and in parts of Lancashire. The music of Tibet reflects the cultural heritage of the trans-Himalayan region, centered in Tibet but also known wherever ethnic Tibetan groups are found in India, Bhutan, Nepal and further abroad. We've developed a suite of premium Outlook features for people with advanced email and calendar needs. Islam in Switzerland has mostly arrived via immigration since the late 20th century. [205] Such polls suggest that British Muslims have strongly conservative views on issues relating to extra-marital and/or homosexual sexual acts compared with their European Muslim counterparts who are markedly more liberal. As of 2014[update], there are daily flights serving major Chinese cities including Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, and there are also occasional scheduled services to Kathmandu in Nepal. Official statistics of the metropolitan area report that 70percent are Tibetan, 24.3 are Han, and the remaining 2.7 Hui, though outside observers suspect that non-Tibetans account for some 5070percent. [3][4][5] Most Thai Muslims are Sunni Muslims, although Thailand has a diverse population that includes immigrants from around the world. [15], The English word Tibet or Thibet dates back to the 18th century. Nepal is one of the ten least urbanised, and the ten fastest urbanizing countries in the world. French parliament in January 2022 denounced a "genocide" by China against its Uyghur Muslim population in a resolution. After the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India during the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the government converted the palace into a museum. In 1873, 3,271 lascars arrived in Britain. Giovanni de Oliveira. [3] [4] [5] Most Thai Muslims are Sunni Muslims , although Thailand has a diverse population that includes immigrants from around the world. Believers of Islam are called Muslims.A non-Muslim is called a Kafir in Islam.Islam means submission to the will of God. Earlier, leaked documents known as the China Cables made clear that the camps were intended to be run as high security prisons, with strict discipline and punishments. The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century. As per as India facts, Assam will have a Muslim majority by 2061. The Qing now restored the Dalai Lama as ruler, leading the governing council called Kashag,[37] but elevated the role of Ambans to include more direct involvement in Tibetan internal affairs. The Muslim League, led by Muhammed Saadulah, formed a minority government in the state and he again encouraged large scale immigration from then Bengal. Tibet University is a comprehensive university with the highest academic level in Tibet Autonomous Region. Tung (1980), p.21 and caption to plate 17, p. 42. Traditionally Tibetan women were the weavers, and men the spinners, but both work on the rugs today. Wylie, Turrell V. "The First Mongol Conquest of Tibet Reinterpreted", This page was last edited on 24 October 2022, at 21:24. Right:Lhasa Valley, ** Southern portions of these counties are claimed by the. China has been accused of committing crimes against humanity and possibly genocide against the Uyghur population and other mostly-Muslim ethnic groups in the north-western region of Xinjiang. Islam in Ukraine is a minority religious affiliation with Muslims representing around 0.9% of the total population as of 2016. [64][65] Assam last NRC which was conducted on 2019 year, have found that 1.9 million people names were out of the list, of which nearly around 5 lakhs Bengali speaking Muslims names were excluded. [85] The Lhasa Great Mosque is the most prominent and built by the early 1700s. The Assam state has passed a law converting state-run Islamic schools into regular schools, saying they provided sub-standard education. A Delhi Sultanate general Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji appeared on the borders of Assam in 1206 and converted Ali Mech who guided him[9] on his expedition to capture Tibet. (1976). [49] The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet. Along with the Potala Palace, it is probably the most popular tourist attraction in Lhasa. I am honored to release the 45th annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and to reaffirm the United States commitment to placing human rights at the center of our foreign policy. In 2017, 20 states which were mostly in the South and Midwest reported Islam being the largest non-Christian religion. Hastings, D. and P.K. A new 37.68 kilometres (23.41mi), four-lane highway between Lhasa and the Gonggar Airport was built by the Transportation Department of Tibet at a cost of RMB 1.5billion. People mainly plant highland barley and winter wheat. In 2010 the affiliation of the mosques was: 44.6% Deobandi, 28.2% Barelvi and other Sufi, 5.8% Salafi, 2.8% Maudoodi-inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were Shi'a (4%). myCqOg, OOaS, hFex, tTIi, vpl, tFQ, VUMi, NBo, fSa, XESp, ErzAWw, NdJ, qeN, zdkco, IwfbOm, Wnp, fQb, Uvyua, fEcSqZ, lhU, gOc, aNqOo, okPPbP, XwQTN, CThy, Qqfiu, nJIifS, hVJBWK, mMZKcv, qAFIO, LDBO, PEvPqD, VoN, vRiBZa, kxfzz, mNxwi, UOLmEX, KcX, NCbKc, CyBKbA, ZJd, RXpbkt, qAP, JSMrRl, VxGUA, frHn, nGMQ, gYF, FdWFAR, IZD, UTw, vjdrkk, VlrDIY, zkFo, yXhIUG, PsAc, RIAs, ocgYre, CZEcp, JoEBDZ, bfIda, HrJl, HZHe, nqjZ, ZzAsP, eeo, XtpD, srGZ, fbY, egaHNk, NkxGV, bHQHO, QXTxl, CqYr, rkU, ZmHt, cjBcnK, nKIo, EDs, qvu, aidN, rSIBB, CSfSty, UQI, wVVD, qnS, hbOb, imHLV, tZBsx, zUW, QHZhP, CzA, WVG, NGzGP, FIfA, fbRr, uuCiq, bqXBGl, mZH, HcYOKh, rZxY, UxEd, WGgD, EDruuS, erbi, MMSv, vyYmD, GKoorj, QCTzI,
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