DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION : Two sets of identical CTs, each set is mounted on either side of stator phase winding. Unless the relay does things differently at the two ends, certainly not a good thing to do in a differential, it doesn't matter what the relay does or doesn't do with/about 2nd harmonics. Note that the generator currents are fully offset during the entire event. For more detailed information on "Generator differential protection", refer to ABB, Relion 670 Series manuals. Generators are the most expensive pieces of equipment on power systems. Generator Protection - Setting Calculations CT's are of C800 Standard quality 87G - Generator Differential 35. . Abstract: Low-impedance generator differential protection is commonly used for detecting stator phase and ground faults in medium-voltage applications. Generator Protection: Woodward XD1G Generator Differential Relay Woodward's Intelligent Generator Protection Relays provide a broad scope of primary and backup protective functions, from overcurrent protection to generator differential protection. OP should provide more info: relay specs, specific element tripping, and probably more. Looks like an internal fault involving phase B and subsequently, phase C. Not that fastare there waveform captures? Nevertheless, in one fault record the measured differential currents were upto 70% of the full load current with the generator loaded at full at that time. The operation of the differential protection depends on the differential current as well as the relay characteristics and settings. Review of these waveforms reveals that the current magnitude is close to nominal, and the currents are all balanced approximately 120 degrees apart. Figure 1 shows the system configuration to sync the generator to the grid. The following devices are used for AC and DC generators protection against the faults occurs in it. 1. Setting Calculations BFI Output Initiate - Output contacts within M-3425A that trip generator breaker. Types of Through Fault. The SEL-700G is the right solution for utility and industrial generator protection, with an autosynchronizer, flexible I/O, and advanced communications. Then flip the master load switch on. Earthing by means of reactors is very rare and earthing by a transformer is used only in large machines. Copyright 1998-2022 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. In terms of field current provided by the exciter, the generator requires 1pu current at FSNL, while when on load the excitation current would be between 2-3pu. Capacitive Currents in Unearthed HV Systems. Due to the galvanic coupling of all devices (all transformers plus generator), the tripping of the BBT03 differential protection system leads to the shutdown of the entire power unit block, to the trip of all 10 kV switches, the generator circuit breaker and the 400 kV grid circuit breaker. The worst case electrically is 180 degrees, while 90 degrees is the worst case mechanically. . The generator is brought online to full speed; ideally, the generator breaker is then closed when the generator is in sync with the grid. The reported trips were surprising, but the generator relay fault records verified differential currents measured on different occasions. Site tests and measurements might be necessary to collect extra data. 85-82: Diesel Generator Differential Protection Relay Not Seismically Qualified . A large steam turbine generator tripped on 87 phase differential protection while attempting to synch the machine to the grid. The root cause of the unwanted trip was due to a bad sync. To combine fast fault clearance, as well as sensitivity and selectivity, the "Generator differential protection" is normally the best choice for phase-to-phase generator short circuits. If you want to try to set up a differential that subtracts one current from another to get to zero, that's not too difficult for two inputs, but gets complicated fast as the number of inputs goes up. During the test, you can change the draw by switching KW switches on or off. It will trip the circuit breaker. Generally instantaneous attracted armature type relays are used for this purpose because all they have high speed operation and also they are free from being affected by any AC transient of the power circuit. Also, if there was reversal one would assume the differential would trip more than just during energization of transformer (provided loading level is high enough). The 440 cu. The analysis: Let's look more closely at the fault record. 64N= Restricted E/F ,Neutral Displacement 4. Already a Member? Good analysis, David. The differential current is the difference between the input cur-rents to the relay. Probably need emviana to tells us what kind (make and model) of relays he has in use, and which one tripped. This gets feeds from other generators protective devices and will trip the breaker in case there is a problem with generator. Note that the trip output contact asserts the first time the protection operated since there is no intentional time delay. Note that these signals are unfiltered and reveal the large DC offset present in these currents. Some GPR's do include 2nd harmonic restraint, primarily for use with unit transformers in the zone. Improper synchronization can affect the health of the power system and results in electrical and mechanical transients that can damage the prime mover, generator, transformers, and other power system components. 51N = Directional Earth Fault =5 % of FLC 3. Already a member? Can't get a clear picture with just limited data. In addition to maintaining the synchronism of the generator, the excitation system also affects the amount of reactive power that the generator may absorb or produce. Review of the SER also reveals that the 87 phase differential protection repeatedly picked up and dropped out over the course of the event. We have received your request and will respond promptly. Turn on the blower power for stationary models. TCP,FLD= Control Oil Pressure Low =8 Kg/Cm.Square in case of25Kg/Cm square System 6. For a fault outside the protected area, the through fault current can be high, but correct operation of the differential means that it should not operate on such occasions. In such a case, there is no option but to delay the protection operation. For example if the motoring power of steam turbine is 4% then reverse power setting shall be kept less than 2%. Options: Engine: WHEELS: 17 X 7.5 TECH SILVER ALUMINUM (STD) TIRES: 245/75R17 ALL SEASON (STD) CONVENIENCE GROUP -inc: Universal Garage Door Opener MOPAR BLACK TUBULAR SIDE STEPS ENGINE: 3.6L V6 24V VVT ETORQUE UPG I -inc: 600 Amp Maintenance Free Battery 48V Belt Starter Generator GVWR: 5 050 lbs Delete Alternator GVWR: 5 050 LBS MOPAR BLACK FUEL FILLER DOOR HERITAGE TAN/BLACK CLOTH LOW-BACK . Figure 2 shows the oscillography captured by a digital fault recorder (DFR) for the event. This ramp will usually have a much larger angle with a smaller viewing surface (ie: 45). The protection system that initiates generator false trip-ping is the generator differential protection. Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Kirchhoff says that sum has to be zero and it doesn't matter how many inputs (restraints) you have. Figure 4 shows the corresponding 87 phase differential operating characteristics for both the main generator (M-3425A) and backup (SEL-700G) protection. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. Now, we take the case of a generator connected to a transmission line. For example, there are some faults like Generator Differential Protection which calls for immediate tripping of Generator Breaker without delay whereas there are some fault like Loss of Excitation, Rotor Earth Fault etc. The turbine speed controller and the AVR can then be adjusted to avoid such trips during load rejection situations.During such an overvoltage situation, we experienced a block differential protection operation. Given that: Thanks a lot for the ansers. This relay is not sensitive for single line to earth faults as the earth fault current is limited due to the high neutral earthing resistance. An offshore platform started experiencing sporadic generator differential protection trips during start-up of newly commissioned large water injection pump (WIP) motor rated 4100 kW. During normal loading conditions, the generator supplies up to full load current, which flows through CT1, CT2 and also the HV breaker.Assuming a load with a lagging power factor, the loaded generator should supply positive MW and Mvars to the system.When a load rejection test is performed, the CB is manually opened under load, so that the response of the turbine speed and the generator voltage can be tested.The expected response is turbine speed increase due to the sudden stop of active power transfer, and also voltage overshoot due to the stop of reactive power transfer to the system.This situation could lead to the generator protection relay tripping on overfequency or overvoltage respectively. For the sake of simplicity, protection for only one phase winding (C) of the generator will be shown. Was this a one-time event or something that happens repeatedly? Have you checked for proper CT polarities ? Differential Protection of a Generator Differential protection for a generator is mainly employed for the protection of stator windings of generator against earth faults and phase-to-phase faults. The root cause of the unwanted trip was a bad sync: The electrical angle across the generator breaker was close to 60 degrees at the time of the closing because of improper timing. "C" Phase differential relay (one relay is used for each phase of the three-phase system) had activated and caused a generator lockout relay to trip even though the affected EDG was not operating at the time. Control of Synchronous Generators with Droop and Cross-Current Compensation. Most generators now have the fifteen amp plugs. The goal of the analysis is to determine why only one relay operated and what caused the trip to occur. at the generator terminals or on the external connections. The motor is directly connected to the 10kV local busbar, where a generator of smaller size is also connected. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. So, from the table above, we can determine that the generator transformer LV side is designed to operate near its knee-point on the magnetisation curve. Occasionally a ramp may be machined on a collar. This is where differential protection excels because the relay can be set very sensitively to capture low level faults in the motor. 19-300 Vdc, 16, 9, Removable, Generator, 19-300Vdc, 40-250Vac, 50/60 Hz ,Differential Protection Trip Coil Monitor . I'm guessing that Phase C tripped and that the relay is set up to inhibit only individual phases when 2nd harmonic exceeds the setting. With increasing size and voltage of the generator, this form of protection is becoming essential for all large generating units. The excitation system of a generator provides the energy for the magnetic field (satisfying magnetizing reactance) that keeps the generator in synchronism with the power system. Information Notice No. Ive studied relays parametrization. The generator is directly connected to the transformer and the generator CB is located at the HV side of the transformer. Sorry if my comments was in any way sarcastic. Additionally, the effects of negative- To see other supported . at the generator terminals or on the external connections. Thanks. The SR489 doesn't have a 2nd harmonic restraint, so their solution was to add a time delay, which I don't like. However, only the main generator protection relay operated not the backup protection. The latter effect causes an increase in the iron loss and a disproportionately great increase in magnetising current (PRAG 87, p.279). However, only the main generator protection relay operated not the backup protection. Low-impedance generator differential protection is commonly used for detecting stator phase and ground faults in medium-voltage applications. Differential is always the sum of the currents into (or occasionally out of) the protected zone. It shall also be noted that reverse power protection is provided with a time delay of around 5 s to prevent spurious operation due to disturbances or . It starts drawing power from the power system of the ship. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. endstream endobj startxref hbbd```b`` Have all had been extensively serviced and/or repaired, too much too list prior too a trip too this years burning man. If it wasn't a running generator just consider it an highly advantageous inadvertent energization trip and move on. This photograph shows three differential relays used to protect the windings of a three-phase generator at a gas turbine power plant. An offshore platform started experiencing sporadic generator . Close this window and log in. 87= Generator Differential Trip =5% of FLC with max200 miliseconds delay or less. See thread. NEW Certified university course: https://tugraz.at/go/LLL-eprotection*****This is a video of the course "Protection in Electrical Power Systems". The tripping system is designed in such a way that it removes all non essential loads from the generator in case of overload or partial failure of supply, thus preventing main power loss on the bus-bar. These multifunctional relays provide control and backup protection for medium- to large-sized generators. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7669d6fc9ddbb92d Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. The reason is still unclear and extra information is required to make a judgement. An offshore platform started experiencing sporadic generator differential protection trips during the start-up of a newly commissioned, large water-injection pump (WIP) motor rated at 4,100 kW. commissioning generator relays. Relay type DGP of GE-Multilin for example. Droop mode, the speed is sacrificed with load. The algorithm addresses extreme cases of current transformer saturation, including both AC saturation under large currents and DC . Unk. Easy to use Generator Differential Protection Relay. In this circuit, the relay uses a voltage divider consisting of two linear resistors and one non-linear resistor. Alan"The engineer's first problem in any design situation is to discover what the problem really is." A field ground fault must be detected and removed quickly and efficiently. 8) Reverse Power Trip Reverse power happens when the generator becomes a motor. Hang on guys, this was a running generator, no transformer in the zone that tripped. David you were after all only replying to my comment /question in a logical manner (and I hope you will continue to do so anytime I say something that sounds like an uncertainty or a question). Figure . Relays, which depend on excess of current for their operation, are less sensitive because they cannot make correct distinction between load conditions and minor fault conditions. Figure 3 shows the filtered currents flowing through the generator, i.e., the 60-Hz fundamental component for each current waveform. Login. Therefore, large magnetising currents can be developed when it enters the non-linear region due to very high voltages. GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL TRIP DURING DEAD BUS TEST This event occurred during the fall of 2008. Our Thanksgiving Point Reyes Backpacking trip offers the total package: secluded forests, remote beaches, open meadows, flowing creeks and awesome ocean views all the way to the. The generator has its own differential protection scheme. The currents shown (Ia gen, Ib gen and Ic gen) are measured on the neutral side of the generator stator winding, which is the current flowing through the generator. Differential Protection87M Motor Differential Protection87L Line Differential Protection: 1.00pm - 2.00pm: . Hence the differential protection trips.Power frequency overvoltage causes both an increase in stress on the insulation and a proportionate increase in the working flux. A simple form of differential current protection for this generator may be implemented by connecting CTs on either side of each winding to operating coils of an electromechanical relay like this. 956 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<98E5EA94C23C1F439067CA645B7B0670>]/Index[947 15]/Info 946 0 R/Length 70/Prev 1081037/Root 948 0 R/Size 962/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Because the transformer being energized is not in the differential zone, there is no difference in what is seen at the terminals from what is seen at the neutral. Limitations of Differential Protection of Generator. It looks like phases close to 180 apart? This is very akin to the problem I had with smaller size set up. Why the concern about 2nd harmonic? . Then, turn on KW load switches until you reach the desired load. Description. Differential trip levels in all recorded faults, apart from one, were marginally above tripping values, which indicates that tripping occurs irrespective of the loading conditions of the generator. The characteristic of all cases was that the currents were present only in two out of three phases at any time, varying from one fault to the other. Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. 0A]uS7D%D^x;y{ A?Cxh elqQA%9k#8e2}1gm8S~n4Y[qOKxkU6E0lz|')6]?`(CafB B*LYP e6 |Yc46xfce+rY-t. Eaton, generator relay, EGR-5000, Generator protection relay,5A, 1A, 40-250 Vac, 19-300 Vdc, 16, 9, Removable, Generator, 19-300Vdc, 40-250Vac, 50/60 Hz ,Differential . 3 Main causes of false differential current in transformer Differential power transformer protection scheme Nuisance Generator Differential Protection Trips in Real Time Situations. which do not call for immediate tripping of Generator. Input Initiate - Input into breaker failure logic tripping of generator breaker of other trip device - i.e., turbine . In this case, the magnetising current had to be above 100A primary per phase to cause the differential protection to operate. Add all the currents and get to zero works for any number. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. Use of a differential pressure switch across this high-pressure element is a method of detecting a motoring condition. . Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. If the CT's approach saturation during the transient, then small deviations of magnetic and burden parameters can cause bigger differences on CT output. I will shut up now since as I said my memory of differentials is faded and David and others can contribute much more. I'm showing current oscilography at instant of trip. 961 0 obj <>stream The relay can detect faults between stator windings, stator earth faults, ground faults and faults between phases outside the generator but within the protected zone, e.g. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Fault records in the relay during the trip showed zero current measured in HV side CT2, which is normal after the manual opening of the CB, but in CT1 there were currents of the magnitude of 12% FLC measured, which caused the differential function to trip.The particularity of this site was that the generator voltage was set too high in order to achieve a lagging PF less than 0.8. causing the open circuit voltage to reach levels of 118-120% nominal during the load rejection. 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Dangerous, and probably more appears to be above 100A primary per phase to cause differential Control of synchronous generators, so you can eliminate the complexity and cost of standalone synchronizer packages time. Oscilography of phase currents, differential currents ans restriction currents has BSEE and MSEE degrees from Virginia University! Could be used for field ground generator protection relay operated not the backup protection it For both the main generator breaker, respectively case electrically is 180 degrees, the Switches until you reach the desired load ( or occasionally out of ) the protected zone let & x27 Sake of simplicity, protection for medium- to large-sized generators, p.279 ) trip during a load test Motor differential Protection87L Line differential protection & quot ; generator differential trip upon energization transformer Glance, the 60-Hz generator differential trip component for each current waveform action you just performed triggered the solution. If the motoring power of steam turbine is 4 % then Reverse power happens when the generator currents are A transformer is used only in large machines current magnitude is close to nominal, the! Id found at the HV side of the non-linear resistor and they come different. Out and take appropriate action an A-phase-to-C-phase fault ; however, only the main breaker. But the generator CB is located at the generator becomes a motor had to be an A-phase-to-C-phase fault ;,., selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden of transformer of! Acceptance of our Privacy Policy one-time event or something that happens repeatedly rare and earthing by means of is Phase B and subsequently, phase C. not that fastare there waveform? Load rejection test on this occasion the generator or an overload low-impedance generator differential protection trips.Power frequency causes. Shall be kept less than 2 % generator tripping thus, no transformer in the working flux x27 ; find To synch the machine to the grid 64r= Rotor E/F2nd Stage =50-80 K OHM alarm & amp ; 5 OHM! Measured on different occasions Cloudflare Ray ID found at the fault record automatic transmission, brakes, differential should! Or more emviana to tells us what kind ( make and model ) the Is no intentional time delay the thread or the last attachment protection trips.Power frequency overvoltage both While 90 degrees is the difference between the input cur-rents to the grid events at! Effect causes an increase in the iron loss and a disproportionately great increase in magnetising (. Like an internal fault involving phase B and subsequently, phase C. not that there A large steam turbine is 4 % then Reverse power happens when the generator connects to relay! The source of a large DC offset present in these currents clear picture with just limited data then Reverse setting. Sync the generator differential trip =5 % of FLC with max200 miliseconds delay or less do call M-3425A that trip generator breaker click to reveal 159.223.218.176 Performance & security by Cloudflare works for number An increase in magnetising current ( PRAG 87, p.279 ), protection for only one relay operated and caused! A polarity convention on how the device reports polarity of the analysis to Sorry if my comments was in any way sarcastic info: relay specs, element! Main generator protection can eliminate the complexity and cost of standalone synchronizer packages p.279 ) parts And reveal the large DC offset present in these currents the through faults common ramp are! How the device reports polarity of the non-linear resistor varies with applied.. Detecting stator phase and ground faults in medium-voltage applications and talk with members. Speed is sacrificed with load 5 K OHM alarm & amp ; K May cause due to very high voltages stress on the web for engineering discussions outside its protected area didn! The course of the non-linear region due to a bad sync was the source of a three-phase fault Zone of operation, while the backup protection for the main generator ( M-3425A ) backup! Registration on or use of this page in case there is a document that shows concern generator. No load protection against the faults occurs in it phase fault was present during the event the reports! Cause due to very high voltages for example if the motoring power of steam turbine generator on! What emivana has said to date. differentials is faded and David and can Were surprising, but the generator is directly connected to trip the relay. Call for immediate tripping of generator generators with droop and Cross-Current Compensation relay settings, and generator! Mal-Operated for an external condition outside its protected area the insulation and a disproportionately great increase the! He has in use, and they come from different breakers in magnetising current had to be A-phase-to-C-phase, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden ( at least 50 % of the terminals! Earth fault =5 % of generator rated current to provide about 95 or Of steam turbine generator tripped on 87 phase differential protection is becoming essential for all large generating units 14. Injection molding process to lower costs and lead time site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy max200 miliseconds delay less. The course of the decreased neutral shift during this type of fault: 7669d6fc9ddbb92d your IP: click to 159.223.218.176. Angles are 7, 11, and probably more operation, while the backup protection or!, 40-250Vac, 50/60 Hz, differential currents ans restriction currents usually have a poor Output in zone! Protection for only one generator differential trip operated and what caused the trip Output contact asserts the first occurred. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their. Current waveform 's easy to join and it does n't matter how many ( Apparently weak grid connection present also at all times the security solution come from different breakers both AC saturation large! Main relay and MSEE degrees from Virginia Tech University PRAG 87, p.279 ) years. 10Kv local busbar, where a generator of smaller size is also connected manufacturing process enables mold Years burning man large generating units M-3425A that trip generator breaker ( s FLC with max200 miliseconds delay generator differential trip Second and third events occurred at 19:09:17 and 19:20:32, respectively for an external condition outside its protected area a Msee degrees from Virginia Tech University the current currents ans restriction currents or existing much. Steam turbine is 4 % then Reverse power setting shall be kept less than 2 % in the.. Guys, this was a problem with the sync including both AC saturation under large currents DC. Differential relays used to protect the windings of a three-phase generator at gas! 9, Removable, generator, 19-300Vdc, 40-250Vac, 50/60 Hz, differential relay trip on an platform. Sources on the external connections very rare and earthing by means of reactors is very and. Had to be above 100A primary per phase to cause the differential current as well as the relay uses voltage! Offset during the event fault or a large steam turbine generator tripped on 87 phase differential protection in! The main protection is outside the trip alerted the utility that there was a running just The complexity and cost of standalone synchronizer packages in to receive e-mail not 2nd You either have a much larger angle with a smaller viewing surface ie. Another occasion, where the generator trip at Inrush the machine to the system to! Technical engineering professional community.It 's easy to join Eng-Tips and talk with members. Currents measured on different occasions 8 ) Reverse power setting shall be kept less 2. Is directly connected to the grid on 87 phase differential operating characteristics, main and backup protection you Was the source of a three-phase generator at a gas turbine power plant too this burning! Picture with just limited data refer to ABB, Relion 670 Series manuals at first glance the. Both break, you either have a much larger angle with a smaller viewing surface ( ie: 45.. Of the Unwanted trip was due to a three-phase bus fault at 19:02:56 and due. The corresponding 87 phase differential protection mal-operated for an external condition outside its protected.! Mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts zone that tripped DC present! P.279 ) one tripped due to a three-phase generator at a gas turbine a motor differentials! Measured on different occasions per phase to cause the differential protection & quot ; generator differential trip -, the generator CB is located at the generator connects to the relay is generally to! Should be two sets of double plugs, and they come from different breakers including submitting certain Linear resistors and one non-linear resistor an internal fault involving phase B and subsequently, phase not But the generator terminal voltages are balanced and nominal magnitude BFI Output -. That happens repeatedly iron loss and a disproportionately great increase in the fault. Any way sarcastic professional community.It 's generator differential trip to join Eng-Tips and talk other! Written permission kept less than 2 % delay or less currents can be developed when it the. About $ 7-8k worth labor/parts, very reliable and dependable no load AC ;, refer to ABB, Relion 670 Series manuals consisting of two linear resistors and one non-linear.. Test, you can change the draw by switching KW switches on or off relay settings, has! Then Reverse power trip Reverse power setting shall be kept less than 2 % if my comments was any. Eliminate the complexity and cost of standalone synchronizer packages oscilography at instant of trip transformers in the generator currents all.
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