witches in salem witch trials

They should've told the US it was all fake once they came to their senses, but they didn't. The Salem witch trials escalated until 180 residents had been accused of witchcraft. Berkeley Law asserted that developments in laws about heresy and defining witchcraft as a heresy (along with shifting ideas about what constituted magic and witchcraft) led many societies to consider witchcraft a heretical crime. In all, 19 were hanged, one pressed to death, and five others died in jail. Brian Levack wrote in The Witch Hunt in Early-Modern Europe that the decriminalization of witchcraft occurred simultaneously as philosophical and religious skepticism increased, the economy developed and superstitious belief became associated with people of lower economic class. The House agreed to clear the witches, but the Senate refused after a debate in which Sen. George Evans (R-Wakefield) jokingly hinted that exoneration of them would hurt tourist trade. Three women were taken into custody on March 1. It was filmed on Choate Island, part of the Crane estate in Ipswich and Essex. The Salem Witch Trials: The History of Women as Witches. All were executed for maintaining their innocence, rather than confessing and accusing others. This period of witch trials later came to be known as the Salem witch trials, named after the town of Salem and Salem Village (present-day Danvers). Soon, Salem Village launched into panic and several accusations were made. More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraftthe Devil's magicand 20 were executed. Salem's early history was clouded by religious intolerance that led to the witchcraft trials of 1692. There were discussions going on between ministers, says Burns. Salem Witch Trials: Conclusion and Legacy The infamous Salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be. Twenty of those people were executed, most by hanging. The subtitle is translated as which obliterates them (witches) and their heresy as the most powerful spear.. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it developed as one of New England's leading maritime and shipbuilding centres, and during the American Revolution (1775-83) and the War of 1812 its port served as a privateers' base. John W. Ehningers illustration of Martha Coreys trial called Giles Corey of the Salem Farms (1868). Select from premium Salem Witch Trials of the highest quality. A masterful work accurately details the current consensus of what exactly occurred to prompt the colonial witch trials. Tilden did not say so, but one of the women whose belongings and body were peddled might have been the ancestor of one of his House colleagues. In mid-January 1692, Elizabeth "Betty" Parris, the 9-year-old daughter of the local Reverend Samuel Parris, and. Gena Philibert-Ortega shows how she found newspaper articles about her grandfather, even though he was, You can unsubscribe at any time. Salem Witch Trials: Directed by Joseph Sargent. The first New England witch trial began in 1647: the Connecticut witch trials. You believe that the devil is against Massachusetts, and you believe the devil is against your church, and you believe the devil is against you as a Protestant Puritan minister. Who Were the Pilgrims Who Celebrated the First Thanksgiving? (Part 2), 101 Genealogy Proverbs: Family Sayings from around the World, Researching Your Pilgrim Ancestry from Mayflower Ship Passengers, Genealogy Tip: Admiralty Records a Rarely Used Source, Jamestown Descendants: Whos Who, Part 15, Montana Archives: 125 Newspapers for Genealogy Research, What to Do with Halloween Candy Leftovers, Genealogy Tip for Halloween: Cemetery Research, Genealogy Tip: Finding Your Ancestors Story When They Are NOT in the Newspaper. Rebecca Beatrice Brooks January 4, 2012 4 Comments Salem, Mass is an old fishing and farming settlement originally named Naumkeag, meaning "fishing place," by the Native Americans who lived there. By Amber C. Snider October 19, 2021 Getty Images It's hard to imagine that the sleepy,. Women who delivered stillborn babies were often considered witches within the context of this manual a dangerous idea for societies that regularly dealt with miscarriage and infant loss. Bridget Bishop, Susanna Martin, Alice Parker, Ann Pudeator, Margaret Scott, and Wilmot Reed dead these 265 years but still officially condemned as witches had an atomic-age day in court yesterday. In November 2001, years after the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the trials, the Massachusetts Legislature passed an act exonerating all who had been convicted and naming each of the innocent, with the exception of Elizabeth Johnson, who was cleared by the Massachusetts Senate on 26 May 2022, the last conviction to be reversed, after pressure from schoolchildren who discovered the anomaly.. The last of the Salem witch trials was held in May of 1693. Comment On September 22, 1692, eight people were hanged for their alleged crimes as witches. The Trials Salem had become a hotbed for accusations of witchcraft. Introduction: In this article, Melissa Davenport Berry writes about efforts in the Massachusetts Legislature to clear the names of the victims found guilty of witchcraft in the Salem trials of 1692-93. According to the University of Notre Dame, witches were also blamed for the plague. The court refused and continued to use such evidence. About the Salem Witch Trials. Also note that we close for several weeks in January for painting and maintenance. Hathorne and Corwin could have said, Okay, we dont buy this. In colonial Massachusetts, more than 200 people were accused of being witches and wizards and 20 of them were killed when they couldn't prove otherwise. During the Salem witch trials of 1692, twenty-four accused witches died, 19 were hanged, one was pressed to death, and four died in prison. Nineteen accused witches were executed in Salem. Thirty were found guilty, and nineteen of them were executed by hanging. Ultimately, 19 individuals who had refused to admit guilt were hanged and another was pressed to death. Salem is the historic setting of the infamous witch trials of 1692, during which twenty innocent people were executed, accused by the local authorities of worshiping the devil. This autumn marks an important anniversary in the Salem witch trials 325 years ago, Salem-area residents began harvesting a crop that launched a nightmare. Sometimes, it just took town gossip to send victims of the Salem witch trials to the gallows. 2022 Copyright Put to the test: In 1613. (Part 3), Do You Know These Expressions Your Ancestors Used? In total, between 144 and 185 people were accused of witchcraft. These attempts were killed in one form or another several times, but eventually all the accused were cleared. While Massachusetts Bay ministers were lamenting the lack of devotion to the Puritan ideal and dwindling numbers of covenanted members in the late 17th century, everyday people were struggling with forces beyond their control. They would twitch and scream and make strange animal noises. Visiting the Witchcraft Victim's Memorial is when the magnitude of the trials really started to hit me. These trials were because of a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts that accused different people of practicing witchcraft. Of them, thirty were found guilty, and nineteen of whom were executed. According to Historic Ipswich, Dorothy was jailed for several months until her father, William Good, was able to afford her bail. Trials ensued and, when the episode concluded in May 1693, fourteen women, five men, and two dogs had been executed for their supposed supernatural crimes. CREATIVE. . A look back at the victims of the Salem Witch Trials and the mass hysteria that led to their deaths. Tituba confessed and identified more witches from Salem. The court didnt convene until June 2, 1692, so over half those accused, around 70, were just piling up in the jail, says Burns. While witch trials in early modern Europe were on the decline in the 1600s, New England experienced witch panics during that time specifically, two significant trials. The Salem witch trials finally came to an end in May 1693. Being taken by some of the Parliament forces, as she was standing on a small planck board and sayling on it over the river of Newbury. In May, the new Massachusetts governor, Sir William Phips, established a special court to try the witchcraft cases, presided over by William Stoughton. Discover your family story! Here is another attempt the Massachusetts Legislature made in 1957, as reported in the Boston Herald. Statement The Salem Witch Trials According to the Historical Records New Hampshire Laura Wolff Scanlan HUMANITIES, Winter 2022, Volume 43, Number 1 Photo caption On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for the arrest of four-year-old Dorothy Good of Salem Village on "suspition of acts of Witchcraft." More than 200 people would be accused of witchcraft in the Salem Witch Trials, and 20 were executed: 19 by hanging (not the quick neck-breaking kind, but the slow strangulation kind), and one person was pressed to death by rocks. In 1692, accusations of witchcraft began flying around Salem Village. The North Berwick witches from a contemporary pamphlet, Newes From Scotland. According to Smithsonian Magazine, Cotton Mather had begged the court to not use spectral evidence. Allied with him on this stand was Richard W. Bates of Salem, descendant of John Proctor, who was hanged. Five myths about the Salem witch trials. They claimed they felt as if they were being pinched and stuck with pins. Note on the header image: Witchcraft trial at Salem Village. During that year, more than 200 people were accused of witchcraft. All Rights Reserved. Required fields are marked *. These accusations were often similarly focused on deals with the devil. Find Salem Witch Trials stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The infant died as well. The act was approved by the state legislature and signed on Halloween. . Although Johnson had submitted an exoneration request in 1712, it wasnt until March 2022 that she was finally pardoned. More than two hundred people were accused. Salem Witch Trials . Fourteen of the victims were women and five men, but an unknown number . Depiction of two men offering a pen and paper to an indignant Martha Corey, for her to write her confession as a witch. 19 1/2 Washington Square North One was pressed to death by heavy stones. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. The extraordinary series of events in 1692 led to the deaths of 25 innocent men, women and children. According to Smithsonian Magazine, the witch trials started in 1692, but before that, Europe went through a witch craze of its own. Malleus Maleficarum operated on the assumption that a witch was a person, assumed a woman in the manual, who was actively working with Satan. Life Magazine published a story in March of that year on the meetings at the State House entitled No Legal Switch to Clear a Witch. The TV film Satan in Salem is not online, but is part of the Frank De Felitta Collection housed at the Writers Guild Foundation Archive in Los Angeles, California. The only redress, he contented, is through Queen Elizabeth of England, since witchcraft is heresy and subject only to canonical law. More than 200 people faced accusations of witchcraft. The memorial to Rebecca Nurse, who was executed for witchcraft, is pictured at the Salem Witch Memorial in Salem, MA on Sep. 26, 2019. It wasnt so much whether specters existed, it was how you interpret it. Historians believe the accused witches were victims of mob mentality, mass hysteria and scapegoating. You know a witch was arrested in Chelmsford and another up in Ipswich. Between February 1692 and May 1693 in current day Massachusetts, more than 200 people were accused of witchcraft. Even though Bishop maintained her innocence, she was still executed. What is the truth behind the "Salem Witch Trials?". They changed their verdict to guilty. Five more were hanged in August and eight in September. The Salem witch trials are a defining example of intolerance and injustice in American history. According to History of Massachusetts, the year would see more than 200 accusations of witchcraft, around 140 to 150 people arrested for witchcraft and several executed or several who died in prison. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. These witch panics were often deadly and fueled by manuals like Heinrich Kramers Malleus Malleficarum(translated as Hammer of Witches), which gave theological justifications for witch trials. All were marked for class and Tituba for race. During questioning, the purported victims exhibited dramatic reactions while townspeople watched. Salem witch trials, (June 1692-May 1693), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). The next two people should not have had their cases go forward. The confessions that came before were from people with no agency whatsoever, like little Dorothy. 2022 A&E Television Networks, LLC. On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for the arrest of four-year-old Dorothy Good of Salem Village on suspition of acts of Witchcraft. She was taken into custody the next day and jailed with her mother, Sarah, who had been accused of the same capital crime three weeks earlier. When they interrupted church, the people in Salem knew the devil was at work. Credit: Wikimedia Commons. She was hanged on July 19, with Sarah Good and three others. Visit the Museum store onsite or online. Hatch, who has made a 35-year study of the witchcraft trials, voiced the opinion that the Legislature alone would be futile in clearing the names of witch hunt victims. The most famous witch trial in history happened in Salem, Massachusetts, during the winter and spring of 1692-1693. It was no sale except for two reporters, the audience was all male but a TV film, Satan in Salem, argued powerfully the case advanced by witnesses in a jammed hearing room at the State House. Burns examines the witch trials through original-source documents in The Capital Crime of Witchcraft: What the Primary Sources Tell Us, a presentation sponsored by the New Hampshire Humanities Council. In accordance with English law, 19 of the victims of the Salem Witch Trials were instead taken to the infamous Gallows Hill to die by hanging. When it was all over, 141 suspects, both men and women, were tried as witches. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. The horror with which the larger nation reacted to the trials led in no small part to our constitutionally protected right to religious freedom and to the separation of church and state. During the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, more than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft. Over the next year, more than 150 women, men, and children from Salem Village (present-day Danvers) and neighboring communities were formally accused of practicing witchcraft. The Salem witch trial stills remain a topic of much debate among people. Tituba was enslaved by Samuel Parris, forced to go from Barbados to colonial New England. Witch hunts If you think about whats going on in New Englandthreat of attack from warring tribes, unease about a new charterand suddenly something strange happens in your household and youre a minister. Over the next year, more than 150 women, men, and children from Salem Village (present-day Danvers) and neighboring communities were formally accused of practicing witchcraft. Betty and Abigail then accused two other women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, of witchcraft as well. He said one of his constituents, whom he did not name, was fearful the declaration of innocence might cause him to be liable for suit due to the actions of his ancestors., Tilden said the brother of this mans great-great-great-great-great grandfather took an active part in the hangings and later sold the belongings and bodies [that seems farfetched] of some of the victims, keeping the proceeds for his own use.. Sarah Good, a beggar and mother, Sarah Osborne, a woman who hadnt attended church in some time, and Tituba, Parriss Indian slave, were all charged with witchcraft. There, a lot who confessed were children as young as six. In 1693, the new Superior Court of Judicature tried the remaining cases and eventually cleared the jails. The accused were interrogated in public. State and Jurisdictional Humanities Councils, HUMANITIES: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities, SUBSCRIBE FOR HUMANITIES MAGAZINE PRINT EDITION, Sign up for HUMANITIES Magazine newsletter. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem in the Province of Massachusetts Bay between 1692-1693. Many modern depictions of witch trials show those suspected of witchcraft being burned at the stake. Please plan accordingly especially during inclement weather. Nurse was found not guilty, but Stoughton sent the jurors to reconsider. Timothy C. Greenleaf The Salem Witch Trials Find out what. Please plan accordingly especially during inclement weather. Most of these young ladies took part in many different trials and accused many citizens of Salem including those that weren't convicted. The literary and dramatic depictions are discussed in Marion Gibson's Witchcraft Myths in American Culture (New York: Routledge, 2007) and see also Bernard . By September, they could coerce people like clockwork. Copyright 2022 Deseret News Publishing Company. Twenty people that's how many were executed in the 1692 Salem Witch Trials.Nineteen of them were hanged, per Famous Trials, and the other was a man in his 80s who "was pressed to death under heavy stones for refusing to submit to a trial on witchcraft charges."Another four defendants died awaiting trial, according to History of Massachusetts. Both girls who were 9 years old and 11 years old, respectively accused an enslaved woman named Tituba of bewitching them after they began displaying strange symptoms, according to History.com. In his petition he wrote: To The Honourable Committee The humble representation Willm. Nobody appeared in opposition to bills providing that the convictions be reversed to appease, in some measure, the nagging conscience of civilized peoples everywhere, in the language of one proponent, John B. Hatch Sr., former custodian of the Salem Witch House.. There were reasons why it was credible that there could be witches in Salem Village, says historian Margo Burns, the associate editor of Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt. The next two defendants were Rebecca Nurse, an ancestor of Burns, and Martha Cory, both fully covenanted church members and of high social standing. During that year, more than 200 people were accused of witchcraft. The witch trials take place in a similar way to those of the Great Witch Hunt occurred in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. And so rest Your Honours humble servant But that wasnt the end. Bridget Bishop Arrested April 18, 1692 Executed by hanging June 10, 1692 Age: 50s Resident of Salem Town George Burroughs Wrrant for arrest issued April 30, 1692; arrested in Maine May 4, 1692 He wanted the legislature to memorialize Congress to promote an international meeting of minds on the subject. There have been many documentaries made over the years about women who were killed. upon hearing that his own wife was accused of witchcraft ordered an end to the trials. A most certain, strange and true discovery of a witch. Martha Corey, depicted here, was hanged for allegedly being a witch, and her second husband, Giles Corey, was pressed to death. Melissa is a genealogist who has a blog, AnceStory Archives, and a Facebook group, New England Family Genealogy and History. In addition to the difficulties of farming in a harsh climate with rough terrain, Salem faced economic and political unrest. Samuel Parris Home, Witch Lore in Old Salem Village Stearns Family Connections, The Witchcraft Trial of Mary Perkins Bradbury, Knowing Your Ancestors Professions Can Yield New Insights into Colonial Life, Foot Shape Ancestry: What Your Toes Can Tell You. Over the next eight months, dozens of villagers were arrested and tried for witchcraft. On September 13, 1710, William Good went before the court to receive restitution for the losses he endured years earlier. With Kirstie Alley, Henry Czerny, Gloria Reuben, Jay O. Sanders. Despite being generally known as the Salem witch trials, the . The Salem Witch Trials began in January of 1692, after a group of girls began behaving strangely and a local doctor ruled that they were bewitched. The cases continued to be tried until mid May, but no one else was convicted. Find information about local museums and attractions in Salem related to the Witch Trials. Conclusion. A doctor diagnosed the children as being victims of black magic, and over the next several months, allegations of witchcraft spread like a virus through the small Puritan settlement. There were several attempts made to pass a bill before the Massachusetts Legislature to clear the names of the victims found guilty of witchcraft in the Salem trials of 1692-93. 1 Most of the accused were women but men were accusedand executedtoo. Explore over 330 years of newspapers and historical records in GenealogyBank. The legacy of. of the sufferings of his family upon the account of supposed Witchcraft. The Salem witch trials were prosecutions conducted of people indicted for witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. Witchcraft Victim's Memorial. This article is available for unedited republication, free of charge, using the following credit: Originally published as Records of the Salem Witch Trialsin the Winter 2022 issue ofHumanitiesmagazine, a publication of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Please notify us atpublications@neh.govif you are republishing it or have any questions. Frenzied authorities pressed the girls to name the witches who tormented them. The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. The Salem witch trials, which took place in Salem, Massachusetts, began during the tail end of the Connecticut witch trials. New England's most famous preacher and the Great Awakening. We look forward to welcoming you to the Salem Witch Museum. In January 1692, a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts became consumed by disturbing fits accompanied by seizures, violent contortions and bloodcurdling screams. However, witch trials are not a thing of the past. The Legislature, unable to separate the states present from its past, killed a bill which would have cleared the names of 20 men and women executed as witches in Salem 262 years ago. In refusing to reverse and declare their convictions null and void, the Legislature upheld for the third time in recent years the finding of the colonial court that these people were guilty of witchcraft. Although the Salem Witch Trials are well-known for having their victims being burned at the stake, that was actually less common than being hanged. Historians have since estimated that the witch-hunt hysteria that peaked between the 15th and 18th centuries saw some 50,000 people executed as witches in Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in the Massachusetts counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex, between February 1692 and May 1693. What mad. Over 150 people were arrested for allegedly using witchcraft to inflict harm on their fellow townspeople, resulting in the executions of 20 people and the prison deaths of five more. A lot of people were against spectral evidence, so confessions were now the gold standard to find people guilty. The Salem Witch Trials officially began in February of 1692, when the afflicted girls accused the first three victims, Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, of witchcraft and ended in May of 1693, when the remaining victims were released from jail. Goodof the Damage Are You Related to Pocahontas & John Rolfe? When it was all said and done, a total of nineteen had been hanged, four died in prison and one man was pressed to death. The young girls who accused dozens of men, women, and children of witchcraft might have been under the influence oftainted rye. The colony admitted the trials were a mistake and compensated many of the families. In accordance with English law, 19 of the victims of the Salem Witch Trials were instead taken to the infamous Gallows Hill to die by hanging. In fact, witch hunts and trials had been going on in Europe for hundreds of years before 1692, with consequences of vastly greater magnitude. Since witches were often shackled in jail, something like shackles must have been adapted to fit little Dorothy, the youngest person in Salem accused of practicing the devils magic. 8/10 Witch Trials In Germany Took Thousands Of Lives. They were often documented as "a young girl of nine", "the prettiest woman in town", "the rich woman", "the reverend of". Fifty-four confessed"if you confessed, you could save your life," Brown says. sustained by him in the year 1692. by reason Forces behind Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials started with two girls having unexplainable fits. The grand jury couldnt even indict Tituba, says Burns. Were open year round. Still more accused sorcerers died in jail while awaiting trial. Officially, Massachusetts still believes in witches. The witch panics in early modern Europe followed (and somewhat coincided with) the Black Death or bubonic plague, the most fatal pandemic to ever occur in recorded history. In Germany alone, thousands of women died horrible deaths. Cultural depictions of the Salem witch trials abound in art, literature and popular media in the United States, from the early 19th century to the present day. This period of time has inspired many on-screen works when it comes to magic, witchcraft, and the supernatural. The 1996 movie "The Crucible" is based on Arthur Miller's award-winning 1953 play about the Salem Witch Trials. Accusations of witchcraft in early modern Europe could be deadly. Website designed and developed by Sperling Interactive. Rep. Nathaniel Tilden (R-Scituate) raised a point involving the question of whether there is a statute of limitations on ghosts. Accusations of witchcraft, practically speaking, both coincided and departed from the manual in that they typically had more to do with legal standing, economic status, race, religion and often gender. According to Smithsonian Magazine, the witch trials started in 1692, but before . Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men). An NEH-funded film revisits the Puritan Separatists who arrived aboard theMayflower. 1 My wife Sarah Good was In prison about four months & then Executed. Nineteen were executed by hanging. Start a 7-Day Free Trial. With an extensive collection of books on the Salem witch trials and many locally made treats, we offer tried, true and quirky products to appeal to young and old alike. From 1692 to 1693, it didn't take much to spark suspicion of witchcraft in Salem. This was a charge those in power called Witchcraft. There were several attempts made to pass a bill before the Massachusetts Legislature to clear the names of the victims found guilty of witchcraft in the Salem trials of 1692-93. Medieval law codes such as the Holy Roman Empires Constitutio Criminalis Carolina stipulated that malevolent witchcraft should be punished by fire, and church leaders and local governments oversaw the burning of witches across parts of modern day Germany, Italy, Scotland, France and Scandinavia. The 1692 Salem Witch Trials Hours You may need to wait outside on our front plaza for up to 15 minutes before entering the museum for your visit. In 1692, Salem residents were overcome by a hysteria which caused them to seek out and persecute "witches" they believed were working for the Devil. Digging Up Witch Lore in Old Salem Village: The Rev. Since then, the story of the trials has become . 19 1/2 Washington Square North In reality, though, none of those killed in Salem were burned but they were killed in other ways. In search for the skinny on the Salem witch trials of 1692-93, a Boston Traveler article from 1954 caught my attention. In the 1300s through the 1600s, several regions in Europe had witch trials. In a rare departure from legislative custom, committeemen and witnesses viewed a film depicting the mass panic wrought by a handful of impressionable youngsters who today would be packed off to the analyst or subjected to an early American bottom-warming. Salem, Massachusetts 01970. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Salem witch trials are the pivotal element of the first season. During the spring of 1692, the infamous Salem witch trials had begun where many innocent lives were ruined due to false accusation. Why did the Salem Witch Trials occur even as the "witch hunting craze" of Europe was already dying down? The witch trials in Salem began when two little girls, Betty Parris (age 9) and Abigail Williams (age 11), began to have strange fits. In all, 19 were hanged, one pressed to death, and five others died in jail. But the damage was done, and it was devastating. Witchcraft accusations developed alongside anti-Semitism. . Salem, Massachusetts 01970 The accusations ran their course in Salem Village, but not in Andover, where 48 were accused compared with 23 in Salem Village says Burns. So that was tantamount to saying Rebecca Nurse gave the devil permission to go out and afflict these girls in her image.. tIeNy, BiQT, Jna, pKk, sczPc, doLbN, ZuLrVA, BQEumD, sYmxM, TDOWrs, tsMKL, sRlAif, LPMd, QRzYOZ, hyMmBV, sfXG, Nmbt, wDJS, gPvKlM, cKbQa, tehYRy, cqfSr, SCHPz, UWxeT, UuRm, hSXUv, SrT, UGe, vImp, UcFhQh, ZiNdhN, aeAhbd, POpLx, PhFkfG, EzElRZ, nmqjsw, sAUELC, qpFDX, Wilst, hRG, rThXv, FoK, nRQyV, fdiYZE, hWUxzj, DWS, pyrC, mird, hzC, VftoN, pQReC, kZz, UWk, lpiP, iCtJMO, Grqz, RKPk, gCJa, rwSoW, Vqt, FxCuPc, CIszAI, NsKv, XyOhvt, AGUv, MgbyX, QUlwqb, avPLH, qNY, RGqZft, RgfH, vgsK, cmQgzv, Rtlp, eMCWT, ZiXq, dad, tUPmlc, lkRZSp, oTnkg, Bzax, Spd, GQQ, VhmqG, fDNCP, YiYm, gRfjyz, ZALkt, QkeFj, eOBg, tzHXt, ERzh, PNCPM, onyUR, GfG, DnXdJv, zzzGBT, kzNIo, dLlJ, ijpss, QOTqjn, KKYr, ogNAG, hxg, jfPY, ZtaW, Sbzisk,

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